{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2097-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2097-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2097 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487244.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898779.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.5399,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6499,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.11,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.11},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6499,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3166},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":222.1898},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487244.770833,"ahargana":1898779.2708,"kali_year":5199,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.2184,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.52101700000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":63.52501699999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.4005},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":281.663717,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":165.792817,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":108.514317,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":139.790117,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":147.325017,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":13.5367,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":193.5367,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487244.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898779.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.5399,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.6499,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.11,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.11},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.6499,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.3166},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":222.1898},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.401,"elongation":96.89},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.401,"opposition_distance":83.11}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.024785330632163,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 01 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 58 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:22","moonsetLocal":"12:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.374570508878337,"endHours":10.877668675207357,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.8838650078654,"endHours":15.386963174194419,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.368374176220296,"endHours":7.871472342549317,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.174157420034469,"endHours":9.574983597722206,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.86940689832997,"endHours":7.190067840480161,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:47","startHours":11.97994066384864,"endHours":12.781593019224117,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:46","end":"05:34","startHours":4.765069465469342,"endHours":5.566721820844819,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":5.36630873200095,"endHours":6.368374176220296,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:11","startHours":14.384897729975071,"endHours":15.186550085350548,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.19315950685246,"endHours":18.59315950685246,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:54","startHours":18.39315950685246,"endHours":18.894192228962133,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.14315950685246,"endHours":19.89315950685246,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:47","startHours":23.979940663848637,"endHours":24.78159301922412,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.368374176220296,"endHours":7.871472342549317,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.871472342549317,"endHours":9.374570508878337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.374570508878337,"endHours":10.877668675207357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.877668675207357,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:23","end":"13:53","startHours":12.380766841536378,"endHours":13.8838650078654,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.8838650078654,"endHours":15.386963174194419,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:23","end":"16:53","startHours":15.386963174194419,"endHours":16.890061340523438,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:53","end":"18:24","startHours":16.890061340523438,"endHours":18.39315950685246,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:24","end":"19:53","startHours":18.39315950685246,"endHours":19.890061340523438,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:53","end":"21:23","startHours":19.890061340523438,"endHours":21.38696317419442,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:23","end":"22:53","startHours":21.38696317419442,"endHours":22.8838650078654,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:53","end":"00:23","startHours":22.8838650078654,"endHours":24.380766841536378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:23","end":"01:53","startHours":24.380766841536378,"endHours":25.877668675207357,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:53","end":"03:22","startHours":25.877668675207357,"endHours":27.374570508878335,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:22","end":"04:52","startHours":27.374570508878335,"endHours":28.871472342549318,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:52","end":"06:22","startHours":28.871472342549318,"endHours":30.368374176220296,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.368374176220296,"endHours":7.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.368374176220296,"endHours":8.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.368374176220296,"endHours":9.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.368374176220296,"endHours":10.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.368374176220296,"endHours":11.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.368374176220296,"endHours":12.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.368374176220296,"endHours":13.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.368374176220296,"endHours":14.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.368374176220296,"endHours":15.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.368374176220296,"endHours":16.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.368374176220296,"endHours":17.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.368374176220296,"endHours":18.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.368374176220296,"endHours":19.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.368374176220296,"endHours":20.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.368374176220296,"endHours":21.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.368374176220296,"endHours":22.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.368374176220296,"endHours":23.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.368374176220296,"endHours":24.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.368374176220296,"endHours":25.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.368374176220296,"endHours":26.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.368374176220296,"endHours":27.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.368374176220296,"endHours":28.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.368374176220296,"endHours":29.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.368374176220296,"endHours":30.368374176220296,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-2.2795380241299137,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":25.2184}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2154,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramoda","saka_samvat":2019,"saka_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","bengali_samvat":1504,"malayalam_era":1273,"nanakshahi_year":628,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2154 Pramoda · Śaka 2019 Piṅgala"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2097 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2097 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T16:38:15.152Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T16:38:15.152Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T16:38:15.152Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}