{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2097-09-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2097-09-18","date_display":"September 18, 2097 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487234.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898769.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.7701,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.9561,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.1859,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1859},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":287.9561,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9561},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.7262},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487234.770833,"ahargana":1898769.2708,"kali_year":5199,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.218,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":150.73929899999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":289.558899,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4896},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":278.833799,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":148.00529899999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":106.68039900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":127.45929899999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":146.083599,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":14.0665,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":194.0665,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":9,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487234.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898769.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.7701,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":287.9561,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":138.1859,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.1859},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3,"moon_longitude":287.9561,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9561},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.7262},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.49,"elongation":138.186},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.49,"opposition_distance":41.814}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:21","sunsetLocal":"18:32","solarNoonLocal":"12:26","dayLengthHours":12.180330700437686,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 10 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 49 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"15:59","moonsetLocal":"03:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:26","end":"13:58","startHours":12.44027963043876,"endHours":13.962820967993471,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:52","end":"09:24","startHours":7.872655617774628,"endHours":9.39519695532934,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:55","end":"12:26","startHours":10.91773829288405,"endHours":12.44027963043876,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:36","startHours":9.192191443655377,"endHours":9.5982024670033,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:51","end":"07:11","startHours":6.857628059404821,"endHours":7.182436878083159,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:02","end":"12:51","startHours":12.034268607090837,"endHours":12.846290653786681,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:44","end":"05:32","startHours":4.726070186828226,"endHours":5.538092233524071,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:20","end":"06:21","startHours":5.33508672185011,"endHours":6.350114280219917,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:17","startHours":14.470334747178374,"endHours":15.28235679387422,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:20","end":"18:44","startHours":18.330444980657603,"endHours":18.7304449806576,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:32","end":"19:02","startHours":18.530444980657602,"endHours":19.037958759842507,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:17","end":"20:02","startHours":18.280444980657602,"endHours":20.030444980657602,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:02","end":"00:51","startHours":24.034268607090837,"endHours":24.84629065378668,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:21","end":"07:52","startHours":6.350114280219917,"endHours":7.872655617774628,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:52","end":"09:24","startHours":7.872655617774628,"endHours":9.39519695532934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:24","end":"10:55","startHours":9.39519695532934,"endHours":10.91773829288405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:55","end":"12:26","startHours":10.91773829288405,"endHours":12.44027963043876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:26","end":"13:58","startHours":12.44027963043876,"endHours":13.962820967993471,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:58","end":"15:29","startHours":13.962820967993471,"endHours":15.485362305548183,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:29","end":"17:00","startHours":15.485362305548183,"endHours":17.007903643102892,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:00","end":"18:32","startHours":17.007903643102892,"endHours":18.530444980657602,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:32","end":"20:00","startHours":18.530444980657602,"endHours":20.007903643102892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:00","end":"21:29","startHours":20.007903643102892,"endHours":21.48536230554818,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:29","end":"22:58","startHours":21.48536230554818,"endHours":22.96282096799347,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:58","end":"00:26","startHours":22.96282096799347,"endHours":24.44027963043876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:26","end":"01:55","startHours":24.44027963043876,"endHours":25.91773829288405,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:55","end":"03:24","startHours":25.91773829288405,"endHours":27.39519695532934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:24","end":"04:52","startHours":27.39519695532934,"endHours":28.872655617774626,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:52","end":"06:21","startHours":28.872655617774626,"endHours":30.350114280219916,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:21","end":"07:21","startHours":6.350114280219917,"endHours":7.350114280219917,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:21","end":"08:21","startHours":7.350114280219917,"endHours":8.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:21","end":"09:21","startHours":8.350114280219916,"endHours":9.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:21","end":"10:21","startHours":9.350114280219916,"endHours":10.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:21","end":"11:21","startHours":10.350114280219916,"endHours":11.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:21","end":"12:21","startHours":11.350114280219916,"endHours":12.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:21","end":"13:21","startHours":12.350114280219916,"endHours":13.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:21","end":"14:21","startHours":13.350114280219916,"endHours":14.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:21","end":"15:21","startHours":14.350114280219916,"endHours":15.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:21","end":"16:21","startHours":15.350114280219916,"endHours":16.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:21","end":"17:21","startHours":16.350114280219916,"endHours":17.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:21","end":"18:21","startHours":17.350114280219916,"endHours":18.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:21","end":"19:21","startHours":18.350114280219916,"endHours":19.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:21","end":"20:21","startHours":19.350114280219916,"endHours":20.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:21","end":"21:21","startHours":20.350114280219916,"endHours":21.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:21","end":"22:21","startHours":21.350114280219916,"endHours":22.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:21","end":"23:21","startHours":22.350114280219916,"endHours":23.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:21","end":"00:21","startHours":23.350114280219916,"endHours":24.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:21","end":"01:21","startHours":24.350114280219916,"endHours":25.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:21","end":"02:21","startHours":25.350114280219916,"endHours":26.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:21","end":"03:21","startHours":26.350114280219916,"endHours":27.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:21","end":"04:21","startHours":27.350114280219916,"endHours":28.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:21","end":"05:21","startHours":28.350114280219916,"endHours":29.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:21","end":"06:21","startHours":29.350114280219916,"endHours":30.350114280219916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":1.606790188727865,"eotMinutes":6.610022173674397,"ayanamsa":25.218}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2154,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramoda","saka_samvat":2019,"saka_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","bengali_samvat":1504,"malayalam_era":1273,"nanakshahi_year":628,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2154 Pramoda · Śaka 2019 Piṅgala"},"festivals":[{"id":"vamana-jayanti","name":"Vāmana Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"वामन जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Vāmana (5th daśāvatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":15,"significance":"Vāmana's three-step measure of all worlds; Bali's surrender. (= Onam in Kerala.)","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":12,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.18-22"]},{"id":"onam","name":"Onam (Vāmana / King Bali)","name_sanskrit":"ओणम् (वामन-बलि स्मरण)","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Vāmana + King Bali","significance":"Kerala festival; King Bali's annual return to Kerala. Aligned with Thiru-Onam (Śravaṇa nakshatra in Bhādrapada).","vrata":false,"detection":{"nakshatra_name":"Śravaṇa","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":2},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi_ingress":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 18, 2097 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 18, 2097 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:21, sūryāsta 18:32.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-09-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:47:26.102Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T04:47:26.102Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T04:47:26.102Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}