{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2097-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2097-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2097 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487091.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898626.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.2188,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.966,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":199.7473,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.7473},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.966,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.966},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":226.1848},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2097,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487091.770833,"ahargana":1898626.2708,"kali_year":5199,"ayanamsa_lahiri":25.2125,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.367461999999989,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.55906200000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.8826},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":267.9553619999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":344.945462,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":77.59496200000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":326.57986200000005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":135.58446200000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":21.6433,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":201.6433,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2097,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2487091.770833,"kali_year":5199,"ahargana":1898626.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.2188,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":212.966,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":199.7473,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.7473},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":212.966,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.966},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":226.1848},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":33,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.883,"elongation":160.253},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.883,"opposition_distance":19.747}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":14,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.638,"elongation":2.343}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:09","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.70769695732968,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 28 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 32 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:01","moonsetLocal":"07:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.274293523074967,"endHours":18.862755642741178,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.097369283742548,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.685831403408757,"endHours":17.274293523074967,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:33","startHours":9.120187975455089,"endHours":9.543777874032745,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:01","startHours":6.6845460586335665,"endHours":7.023417977495692,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.08531726549868,"endHours":12.932497062653994,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:18","startHours":4.460699091100873,"endHours":5.307878888256185,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:09","startHours":5.096083938967357,"endHours":6.155058685411497,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.626856656964616,"endHours":15.474036454119927,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.66275564274118,"endHours":19.062755642741177,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:24","startHours":18.862755642741178,"endHours":19.39224301596325,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.612755642741178,"endHours":20.362755642741178,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.08531726549868,"endHours":24.932497062653994,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:09","end":"07:45","startHours":6.155058685411497,"endHours":7.743520805077707,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.743520805077707,"endHours":9.331982924743917,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.331982924743917,"endHours":10.920445044410126,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.920445044410126,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.097369283742548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.097369283742548,"endHours":15.685831403408757,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.685831403408757,"endHours":17.274293523074967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.274293523074967,"endHours":18.862755642741178,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:52","end":"20:16","startHours":18.862755642741178,"endHours":20.274293523074967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.274293523074967,"endHours":21.685831403408756,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.685831403408756,"endHours":23.097369283742548,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.097369283742548,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.920445044410126,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.920445044410126,"endHours":27.33198292474392,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.33198292474392,"endHours":28.743520805077708,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:45","end":"06:09","startHours":28.743520805077708,"endHours":30.155058685411497,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.155058685411497,"endHours":7.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.155058685411497,"endHours":8.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.155058685411497,"endHours":9.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.155058685411497,"endHours":10.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.155058685411497,"endHours":11.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.155058685411497,"endHours":12.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.155058685411497,"endHours":13.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.155058685411497,"endHours":14.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.155058685411497,"endHours":15.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.155058685411497,"endHours":16.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.155058685411497,"endHours":17.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.155058685411497,"endHours":18.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.155058685411497,"endHours":19.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.155058685411497,"endHours":20.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.155058685411497,"endHours":21.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.155058685411497,"endHours":22.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.155058685411497,"endHours":23.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.155058685411497,"endHours":24.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.155058685411497,"endHours":25.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.155058685411497,"endHours":26.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.155058685411497,"endHours":27.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.155058685411497,"endHours":28.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.155058685411497,"endHours":29.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":29.155058685411497,"endHours":30.155058685411497,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":14.360876266893076,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":25.2125}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2154,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramoda","saka_samvat":2019,"saka_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","bengali_samvat":1504,"malayalam_era":1273,"nanakshahi_year":628,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2154 Pramoda · Śaka 2019 Piṅgala"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2097 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2097 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:09, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2097-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:50:58.571Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T03:50:58.571Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T03:50:58.571Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}