{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2049-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2049-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2049 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2049,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469653.770833,"kali_year":5151,"ahargana":1881188.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.1105,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":118.2392,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":15.1288,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.1288},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":118.2392,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5726},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":221.3497},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2049,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469653.770833,"ahargana":1881188.2708,"kali_year":5151,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.5456,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.75852199999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":116.88192200000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.2948},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":104.550522,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.16902200000004,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":83.732122,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":66.20922200000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":267.674622,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":225.5925,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5925,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2049,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2469653.770833,"kali_year":5151,"ahargana":1881188.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.1105,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":118.2392,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":15.1288,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.1288},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":118.2392,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.5726},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":221.3497},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.295,"elongation":15.129},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.295,"opposition_distance":164.871}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"19:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.877178014759643,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 38 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 22 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:11","moonsetLocal":"19:52","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:26","end":"11:03","startHours":9.432341738182604,"endHours":11.041988990027559,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.261283493717468,"endHours":15.870930745562426,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.213047234492692,"endHours":7.822694486337648,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.217722104603276,"endHours":9.64696137176193,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:06","startHours":6.749596318441011,"endHours":7.092987732167934,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222396974713858,"endHours":13.080875509031168,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:30","end":"05:21","startHours":4.496090165858073,"endHours":5.354568700175383,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:13","startHours":5.139949066596055,"endHours":6.213047234492692,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:39","startHours":14.797832577665787,"endHours":15.656311111983097,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:53","end":"19:17","startHours":18.890225249252335,"endHours":19.290225249252334,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:05","end":"19:38","startHours":19.090225249252335,"endHours":19.626774333200654,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:50","end":"20:35","startHours":18.840225249252335,"endHours":20.590225249252335,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.22239697471386,"endHours":25.080875509031166,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.213047234492692,"endHours":7.822694486337648,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.822694486337648,"endHours":9.432341738182604,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:26","end":"11:03","startHours":9.432341738182604,"endHours":11.041988990027559,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:03","end":"12:39","startHours":11.041988990027559,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.261283493717468,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.261283493717468,"endHours":15.870930745562426,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.870930745562426,"endHours":17.48057799740738,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:05","startHours":17.48057799740738,"endHours":19.090225249252335,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:05","end":"20:29","startHours":19.090225249252335,"endHours":20.48057799740738,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.48057799740738,"endHours":21.870930745562426,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.870930745562426,"endHours":23.261283493717468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.261283493717468,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:39","end":"02:03","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04198899002756,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:03","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04198899002756,"endHours":27.4323417381826,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.4323417381826,"endHours":28.822694486337646,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:49","end":"06:13","startHours":28.822694486337646,"endHours":30.21304723449269,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.213047234492692,"endHours":7.213047234492692,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.213047234492692,"endHours":8.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.213047234492691,"endHours":9.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.213047234492691,"endHours":10.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.213047234492691,"endHours":11.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.213047234492691,"endHours":12.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.213047234492691,"endHours":13.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.213047234492691,"endHours":14.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.213047234492691,"endHours":15.213047234492691,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.213047234492691,"endHours":16.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.21304723449269,"endHours":17.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.21304723449269,"endHours":18.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.21304723449269,"endHours":19.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.21304723449269,"endHours":20.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.21304723449269,"endHours":21.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.21304723449269,"endHours":22.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.21304723449269,"endHours":23.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.21304723449269,"endHours":24.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.21304723449269,"endHours":25.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.21304723449269,"endHours":26.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.21304723449269,"endHours":27.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.21304723449269,"endHours":28.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.21304723449269,"endHours":29.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.21304723449269,"endHours":30.21304723449269,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.186634143446906,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":24.5456}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2106,"vikram_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","saka_samvat":1971,"saka_samvatsara":"Śukla","bengali_samvat":1456,"malayalam_era":1225,"nanakshahi_year":580,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2106 Citrabhānu · Śaka 1971 Śukla"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2049 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2049 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 19:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2049-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T01:17:30.356Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T01:17:30.356Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T01:17:30.356Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}