{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2031-12-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-12-20","date_display":"December 20, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463220.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874755.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.2066,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.6605,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":74.454,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.454},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.6605,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.9939},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":200.8671},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463220.770833,"ahargana":1874755.2708,"kali_year":5133,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2996,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.63031,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":321.32260999999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.1944},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":297.85721,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":221.74871000000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":253.22030999999993,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":203.92331000000001,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":54.35010999999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":206.4438,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":26.4438,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":12,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2463220.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874755.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":243.2066,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.6605,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":74.454,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.454},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.6605,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.9939},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":200.8671},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.194,"elongation":74.454},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.194,"opposition_distance":105.546}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:57","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":11.131407019933476,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:46","moonsetLocal":"23:38","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:44","end":"11:08","startHours":9.736729619642151,"endHours":11.128155497133836,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:55","end":"15:18","startHours":13.911007252117205,"endHours":15.30243312960889,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:21","startHours":6.953877864658781,"endHours":8.345303742150467,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:33","end":"09:55","startHours":9.551206169309925,"endHours":9.922253069974374,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:25","end":"07:43","startHours":7.417686490489343,"endHours":7.714524011020902,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:09","end":"12:53","startHours":12.148534473961071,"endHours":12.89062827528997,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:28","end":"06:13","startHours":5.469690262000984,"endHours":6.211784063329883,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:02","end":"06:57","startHours":6.026260612997659,"endHours":6.953877864658781,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:07","startHours":14.374815877947766,"endHours":15.116909679276665,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.88528488459226,"endHours":18.285284884592258,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:33","startHours":18.08528488459226,"endHours":18.54909351042282,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.83528488459226,"endHours":19.58528488459226,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:09","end":"00:53","startHours":24.14853447396107,"endHours":24.89062827528997,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:57","end":"08:21","startHours":6.953877864658781,"endHours":8.345303742150467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:21","end":"09:44","startHours":8.345303742150467,"endHours":9.736729619642151,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:44","end":"11:08","startHours":9.736729619642151,"endHours":11.128155497133836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:08","end":"12:31","startHours":11.128155497133836,"endHours":12.51958137462552,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:31","end":"13:55","startHours":12.51958137462552,"endHours":13.911007252117205,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:55","end":"15:18","startHours":13.911007252117205,"endHours":15.30243312960889,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:18","end":"16:42","startHours":15.30243312960889,"endHours":16.693859007100574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:42","end":"18:05","startHours":16.693859007100574,"endHours":18.08528488459226,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:05","end":"19:42","startHours":18.08528488459226,"endHours":19.693859007100574,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:42","end":"21:18","startHours":19.693859007100574,"endHours":21.30243312960889,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:18","end":"22:55","startHours":21.30243312960889,"endHours":22.911007252117205,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:55","end":"00:31","startHours":22.911007252117205,"endHours":24.51958137462552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:31","end":"02:08","startHours":24.51958137462552,"endHours":26.128155497133836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:08","end":"03:44","startHours":26.128155497133836,"endHours":27.73672961964215,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:44","end":"05:21","startHours":27.73672961964215,"endHours":29.345303742150467,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:21","end":"06:57","startHours":29.345303742150467,"endHours":30.953877864658782,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:57","end":"07:57","startHours":6.953877864658781,"endHours":7.953877864658781,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:57","end":"08:57","startHours":7.953877864658781,"endHours":8.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:57","end":"09:57","startHours":8.953877864658782,"endHours":9.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:57","end":"10:57","startHours":9.953877864658782,"endHours":10.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:57","end":"11:57","startHours":10.953877864658782,"endHours":11.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:57","end":"12:57","startHours":11.953877864658782,"endHours":12.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:57","end":"13:57","startHours":12.953877864658782,"endHours":13.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:57","end":"14:57","startHours":13.953877864658782,"endHours":14.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:57","end":"15:57","startHours":14.953877864658782,"endHours":15.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:57","end":"16:57","startHours":15.953877864658782,"endHours":16.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:57","end":"17:57","startHours":16.953877864658782,"endHours":17.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:57","end":"18:57","startHours":17.953877864658782,"endHours":18.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:57","end":"19:57","startHours":18.953877864658782,"endHours":19.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:57","end":"20:57","startHours":19.953877864658782,"endHours":20.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:57","end":"21:57","startHours":20.953877864658782,"endHours":21.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:57","end":"22:57","startHours":21.953877864658782,"endHours":22.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:57","end":"23:57","startHours":22.953877864658782,"endHours":23.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:57","end":"00:57","startHours":23.953877864658782,"endHours":24.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:57","end":"01:57","startHours":24.953877864658782,"endHours":25.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:57","end":"02:57","startHours":25.953877864658782,"endHours":26.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:57","end":"03:57","startHours":26.953877864658782,"endHours":27.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:57","end":"04:57","startHours":27.953877864658782,"endHours":28.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:57","end":"05:57","startHours":28.953877864658782,"endHours":29.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:57","end":"06:57","startHours":29.953877864658782,"endHours":30.953877864658782,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.420291745585153,"eotMinutes":1.851917522468745,"ayanamsa":24.2996}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 20, 2031 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 20, 2031 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:57, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-12-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:25:31.653Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:25:31.653Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T05:25:31.653Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}