{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2031-04-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-04-29","date_display":"April 29, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462985.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874520.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.2618,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":98.3546,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":84.0929,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0929},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":98.3546,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.0213},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.6164},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462985.770833,"ahargana":1874520.2708,"kali_year":5133,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2906,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.26168899999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":95.790389,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.8747},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":201.039489,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":347.417889,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":244.42058899999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":56.199989000000016,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":43.52418899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":218.8952,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":38.8952,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":4,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462985.770833,"kali_year":5133,"ahargana":1874520.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":14.2618,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":98.3546,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":84.0929,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.0929},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2,"moon_longitude":98.3546,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.0213},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.6164},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.875,"elongation":84.093},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.875,"opposition_distance":95.907}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.488,"opposition_distance":2.834}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:09","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.707311812634867,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 42 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 17 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:29","moonsetLocal":"00:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683215558757531,"endHours":17.271629535336892,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.3295596524401,"endHours":10.917973629019457,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.506387605598816,"endHours":14.094801582178174,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:32","startHours":9.117771122229518,"endHours":9.54134818265068,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:01","startHours":6.682203024807835,"endHours":7.021064673144765,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.082810545177653,"endHours":12.929964666019979,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:18","startHours":4.458423457596734,"endHours":5.305577578439058,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:09","startHours":5.0937890482284764,"endHours":6.152731699281382,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.624272907704627,"endHours":15.471427028546952,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.66004351191625,"endHours":19.06004351191625,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:23","startHours":18.86004351191625,"endHours":19.3895148374427,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.61004351191625,"endHours":20.36004351191625,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.082810545177654,"endHours":24.92996466601998,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:09","end":"07:44","startHours":6.152731699281382,"endHours":7.741145675860741,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:44","end":"09:20","startHours":7.741145675860741,"endHours":9.3295596524401,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.3295596524401,"endHours":10.917973629019457,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:55","end":"12:30","startHours":10.917973629019457,"endHours":12.506387605598816,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.506387605598816,"endHours":14.094801582178174,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.094801582178174,"endHours":15.683215558757531,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683215558757531,"endHours":17.271629535336892,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.271629535336892,"endHours":18.86004351191625,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:16","startHours":18.86004351191625,"endHours":20.271629535336892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.271629535336892,"endHours":21.68321555875753,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.68321555875753,"endHours":23.094801582178174,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:06","end":"00:30","startHours":23.094801582178174,"endHours":24.506387605598817,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:30","end":"01:55","startHours":24.506387605598817,"endHours":25.917973629019457,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.917973629019457,"endHours":27.3295596524401,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:20","end":"04:44","startHours":27.3295596524401,"endHours":28.741145675860743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:44","end":"06:09","startHours":28.741145675860743,"endHours":30.152731699281382,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.152731699281382,"endHours":7.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.152731699281382,"endHours":8.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.152731699281382,"endHours":9.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.152731699281382,"endHours":10.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.152731699281382,"endHours":11.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.152731699281382,"endHours":12.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.152731699281382,"endHours":13.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.152731699281382,"endHours":14.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.152731699281382,"endHours":15.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.152731699281382,"endHours":16.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.152731699281382,"endHours":17.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.152731699281382,"endHours":18.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.152731699281382,"endHours":19.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.152731699281382,"endHours":20.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.152731699281382,"endHours":21.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.152731699281382,"endHours":22.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.152731699281382,"endHours":23.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.152731699281382,"endHours":24.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.152731699281382,"endHours":25.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.152731699281382,"endHours":26.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.152731699281382,"endHours":27.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.152731699281382,"endHours":28.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.152731699281382,"endHours":29.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":29.152731699281382,"endHours":30.152731699281382,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.35199303667781,"eotMinutes":2.643543664071059,"ayanamsa":24.2906}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 29, 2031 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 29, 2031 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:09, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-04-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:21:56.620Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:21:56.620Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:21:56.620Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}