{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2031-01-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2031-01-23","date_display":"January 23, 2031 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462889.770833,"kali_year":5132,"ahargana":1874424.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.402,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.3852,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.9833,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9833},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.3852,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7186},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.7872},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2031,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462889.770833,"ahargana":1874424.2708,"kali_year":5132,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2869,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.526557,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.44275700000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6115},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":188.60355700000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":260.31165699999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":235.657557,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":300.87605699999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":37.659357,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":223.9818,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":43.9818,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2031,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462889.770833,"kali_year":5132,"ahargana":1874424.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.402,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.3852,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.9833,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9833},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.3852,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7186},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.7872},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.612,"elongation":1.017},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.612,"opposition_distance":178.983}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:06","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:45","dayLengthHours":11.308947295419852,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 32 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 28 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:59","moonsetLocal":"18:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:34","startHours":14.160818371596111,"endHours":15.574436783523591,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.092726311958703,"endHours":8.506344723886185,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:55","end":"11:20","startHours":9.919963135813667,"endHours":11.333581547741147,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:07","startHours":9.731480680890002,"endHours":10.10844559073733,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:52","startHours":7.563932449267863,"endHours":7.865504377145726,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:22","end":"13:07","startHours":12.3702350498213,"endHours":13.124164869515958,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:35","end":"06:20","startHours":5.584866672569389,"endHours":6.338796492264047,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:09","end":"07:06","startHours":6.150314037340382,"endHours":7.092726311958703,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:23","startHours":14.632024508905271,"endHours":15.385954328599928,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.201673607378556,"endHours":18.601673607378554,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:52","startHours":18.401673607378555,"endHours":18.872879744687715,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.151673607378555,"endHours":19.901673607378555,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:22","end":"01:07","startHours":24.3702350498213,"endHours":25.124164869515955,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.092726311958703,"endHours":8.506344723886185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:30","end":"09:55","startHours":8.506344723886185,"endHours":9.919963135813667,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:55","end":"11:20","startHours":9.919963135813667,"endHours":11.333581547741147,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:20","end":"12:45","startHours":11.333581547741147,"endHours":12.74719995966863,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:45","end":"14:10","startHours":12.74719995966863,"endHours":14.160818371596111,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:10","end":"15:34","startHours":14.160818371596111,"endHours":15.574436783523591,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"16:59","startHours":15.574436783523591,"endHours":16.988055195451075,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:59","end":"18:24","startHours":16.988055195451075,"endHours":18.401673607378555,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:24","end":"19:59","startHours":18.401673607378555,"endHours":19.988055195451075,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:59","end":"21:34","startHours":19.988055195451075,"endHours":21.57443678352359,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:34","end":"23:10","startHours":21.57443678352359,"endHours":23.16081837159611,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:10","end":"00:45","startHours":23.16081837159611,"endHours":24.747199959668627,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:45","end":"02:20","startHours":24.747199959668627,"endHours":26.333581547741147,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:20","end":"03:55","startHours":26.333581547741147,"endHours":27.919963135813667,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:55","end":"05:30","startHours":27.919963135813667,"endHours":29.506344723886187,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:30","end":"07:06","startHours":29.506344723886187,"endHours":31.092726311958703,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.092726311958703,"endHours":8.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.092726311958703,"endHours":9.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.092726311958703,"endHours":10.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.092726311958703,"endHours":11.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.092726311958703,"endHours":12.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.092726311958703,"endHours":13.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.092726311958703,"endHours":14.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.092726311958703,"endHours":15.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.092726311958703,"endHours":16.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.092726311958703,"endHours":17.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.092726311958703,"endHours":18.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.092726311958703,"endHours":19.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.092726311958703,"endHours":20.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.092726311958703,"endHours":21.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.092726311958703,"endHours":22.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.092726311958703,"endHours":23.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.092726311958703,"endHours":24.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.092726311958703,"endHours":25.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.092726311958703,"endHours":26.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.092726311958703,"endHours":27.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.092726311958703,"endHours":28.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.092726311958703,"endHours":29.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":29.092726311958703,"endHours":30.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":30.092726311958703,"endHours":31.092726311958703,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-19.52815381736856,"eotMinutes":-11.805197580117738,"ayanamsa":24.2869}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2088,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1953,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1438,"malayalam_era":1207,"nanakshahi_year":562,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2088 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1953 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 23, 2031 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 23, 2031 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 07:06, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2031-01-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:46:27.383Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:46:27.383Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T16:46:27.383Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}