{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2028-10-25:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-10-25","date_display":"October 25, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":10,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462069.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":187.1176,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.4326,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":86.315,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.315},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":273.4326,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7659},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":100.5502},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":10,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462069.770833,"ahargana":1873604.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2555,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":187.89658699999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.03428699999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.4702},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":125.85318699999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":171.545387,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":168.81658700000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":152.29788699999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":13.987486999999987,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":267.4293,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":87.4293,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":10,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2462069.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873604.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":187.1176,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.4326,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":86.315,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.315},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":273.4326,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7659},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":100.5502},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":14,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.47,"elongation":86.315},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.47,"opposition_distance":93.685}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:28","sunsetLocal":"18:05","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.621973185938934,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 37 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 22 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:32","moonsetLocal":"23:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:44","startHours":12.279865682217235,"endHours":13.732612330459602,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:55","end":"09:22","startHours":7.921625737490135,"endHours":9.374372385732503,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.827119033974869,"endHours":12.279865682217235,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:34","startHours":9.180672832633519,"endHours":9.568071938831483,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:57","end":"07:16","startHours":6.953127971995224,"endHours":7.2630472569535955,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:40","startHours":11.89246657601927,"endHours":12.6672647884152,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:55","end":"05:42","startHours":4.919282664455911,"endHours":5.69408087685184,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:30","end":"06:28","startHours":5.500381323752857,"endHours":6.4688790892477686,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:59","startHours":14.216861213207057,"endHours":14.991659425602986,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:53","end":"18:17","startHours":17.890852275186703,"endHours":18.2908522751867,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:05","end":"18:35","startHours":18.090852275186702,"endHours":18.575101157934157,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:50","end":"19:35","startHours":17.840852275186702,"endHours":19.590852275186702,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:40","startHours":23.89246657601927,"endHours":24.6672647884152,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:28","end":"07:55","startHours":6.4688790892477686,"endHours":7.921625737490135,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:55","end":"09:22","startHours":7.921625737490135,"endHours":9.374372385732503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.374372385732503,"endHours":10.827119033974869,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.827119033974869,"endHours":12.279865682217235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:17","end":"13:44","startHours":12.279865682217235,"endHours":13.732612330459602,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:44","end":"15:11","startHours":13.732612330459602,"endHours":15.18535897870197,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:11","end":"16:38","startHours":15.18535897870197,"endHours":16.638105626944334,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:38","end":"18:05","startHours":16.638105626944334,"endHours":18.090852275186702,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:05","end":"19:38","startHours":18.090852275186702,"endHours":19.638105626944334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:38","end":"21:11","startHours":19.638105626944334,"endHours":21.18535897870197,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:11","end":"22:44","startHours":21.18535897870197,"endHours":22.732612330459602,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:44","end":"00:17","startHours":22.732612330459602,"endHours":24.279865682217235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.279865682217235,"endHours":25.827119033974867,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:50","end":"03:22","startHours":25.827119033974867,"endHours":27.3743723857325,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:22","end":"04:55","startHours":27.3743723857325,"endHours":28.921625737490135,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:55","end":"06:28","startHours":28.921625737490135,"endHours":30.468879089247768,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:28","end":"07:28","startHours":6.4688790892477686,"endHours":7.4688790892477686,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:28","end":"08:28","startHours":7.4688790892477686,"endHours":8.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:28","end":"09:28","startHours":8.468879089247768,"endHours":9.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:28","end":"10:28","startHours":9.468879089247768,"endHours":10.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:28","end":"11:28","startHours":10.468879089247768,"endHours":11.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:28","end":"12:28","startHours":11.468879089247768,"endHours":12.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:28","end":"13:28","startHours":12.468879089247768,"endHours":13.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:28","end":"14:28","startHours":13.468879089247768,"endHours":14.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:28","end":"15:28","startHours":14.468879089247768,"endHours":15.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:28","end":"16:28","startHours":15.468879089247768,"endHours":16.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:28","end":"17:28","startHours":16.468879089247768,"endHours":17.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:28","end":"18:28","startHours":17.468879089247768,"endHours":18.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:28","end":"19:28","startHours":18.468879089247768,"endHours":19.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:28","end":"20:28","startHours":19.468879089247768,"endHours":20.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:28","end":"21:28","startHours":20.468879089247768,"endHours":21.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:28","end":"22:28","startHours":21.468879089247768,"endHours":22.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:28","end":"23:28","startHours":22.468879089247768,"endHours":23.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:28","end":"00:28","startHours":23.468879089247768,"endHours":24.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:28","end":"01:28","startHours":24.468879089247768,"endHours":25.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:28","end":"02:28","startHours":25.468879089247768,"endHours":26.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:28","end":"03:28","startHours":26.468879089247768,"endHours":27.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:28","end":"04:28","startHours":27.468879089247768,"endHours":28.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:28","end":"05:28","startHours":28.468879089247768,"endHours":29.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:28","end":"06:28","startHours":29.468879089247768,"endHours":30.468879089247768,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-12.21968982505629,"eotMinutes":16.234859066965946,"ayanamsa":24.2555}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 25, 2028 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 25, 2028 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:28, sūryāsta 18:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-10-25"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:07:00.468Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:07:00.468Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:07:00.468Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}