{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2028-07-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-07-23","date_display":"July 23, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461975.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873510.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.9276,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":106.8575,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":10.9299,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9299},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":106.8575,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.1908},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":202.785},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461975.770833,"ahargana":1873510.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2519,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.47797800000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":109.07907799999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.1216},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":66.82457799999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":93.16407800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":149.66887799999995,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":51.90907800000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":16.222177999999985,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":272.4099,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":92.4099,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461975.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873510.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.9276,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":106.8575,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":10.9299,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9299},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":106.8575,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.1908},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":202.785},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":1,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.122,"elongation":10.93},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.122,"opposition_distance":169.07}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-1,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.016,"elongation":2.314},{"offset_days":13,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"opposition_distance":1.947}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"19:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.960006517567459,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 57 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 02 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:06","moonsetLocal":"19:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:31","end":"19:08","startHours":17.51266474614524,"endHours":19.132665560841176,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.652662302057447,"endHours":14.272663116753378,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:54","end":"17:31","startHours":15.892663931449311,"endHours":17.51266474614524,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:38","startHours":9.196660564039457,"endHours":9.628660781291705,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:03","startHours":6.712659314839027,"endHours":7.058259488640826,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.220662084805198,"endHours":13.084662519309695,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:27","end":"05:19","startHours":4.444658174264722,"endHours":5.308658608769219,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:10","startHours":5.092658500143095,"endHours":6.1726590432737165,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:49","end":"15:41","startHours":14.81266338831869,"endHours":15.676663822823187,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:56","end":"19:20","startHours":18.932665560841176,"endHours":19.332665560841175,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:08","end":"19:40","startHours":19.132665560841176,"endHours":19.672665832406487,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:53","end":"20:38","startHours":18.882665560841176,"endHours":20.632665560841176,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.2206620848052,"endHours":25.084662519309695,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:10","end":"07:48","startHours":6.1726590432737165,"endHours":7.792659857969649,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:48","end":"09:25","startHours":7.792659857969649,"endHours":9.41266067266558,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:25","end":"11:02","startHours":9.41266067266558,"endHours":11.032661487361514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.032661487361514,"endHours":12.652662302057447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.652662302057447,"endHours":14.272663116753378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:16","end":"15:54","startHours":14.272663116753378,"endHours":15.892663931449311,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:54","end":"17:31","startHours":15.892663931449311,"endHours":17.51266474614524,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:31","end":"19:08","startHours":17.51266474614524,"endHours":19.132665560841176,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:08","end":"20:31","startHours":19.132665560841176,"endHours":20.512664746145244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:31","end":"21:54","startHours":20.512664746145244,"endHours":21.89266393144931,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:54","end":"23:16","startHours":21.89266393144931,"endHours":23.272663116753378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.272663116753378,"endHours":24.652662302057447,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.652662302057447,"endHours":26.032661487361516,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:02","end":"03:25","startHours":26.032661487361516,"endHours":27.41266067266558,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:25","end":"04:48","startHours":27.41266067266558,"endHours":28.79265985796965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:48","end":"06:10","startHours":28.79265985796965,"endHours":30.17265904327372,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.1726590432737165,"endHours":7.1726590432737165,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.1726590432737165,"endHours":8.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.172659043273717,"endHours":9.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.172659043273717,"endHours":10.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.172659043273717,"endHours":11.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.172659043273717,"endHours":12.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.172659043273717,"endHours":13.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.172659043273717,"endHours":14.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.172659043273717,"endHours":15.172659043273717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.172659043273717,"endHours":16.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.17265904327372,"endHours":17.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.17265904327372,"endHours":18.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.17265904327372,"endHours":19.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.17265904327372,"endHours":20.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.17265904327372,"endHours":21.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.17265904327372,"endHours":22.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.17265904327372,"endHours":23.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.17265904327372,"endHours":24.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.17265904327372,"endHours":25.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.17265904327372,"endHours":26.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.17265904327372,"endHours":27.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.17265904327372,"endHours":28.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.17265904327372,"endHours":29.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.17265904327372,"endHours":30.17265904327372,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.991773817523384,"eotMinutes":-6.132938123446804,"ayanamsa":24.2519}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 23, 2028 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 23, 2028 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 19:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-07-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:54:48.395Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T22:54:48.395Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T22:54:48.395Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}