{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2028-05-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-05-23","date_display":"May 23, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461914.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873449.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":38.064,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":21.3086,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":343.2446,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2446},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":21.3086,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9753},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":59.3726},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461914.770833,"ahargana":1873449.2708,"kali_year":5130,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2496,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":38.19840899999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":22.378509000000008,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3325},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":23.963508999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":51.74020899999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":143.28470900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":52.21040900000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":10.745208999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":275.642,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":95.642,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":5,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461914.770833,"kali_year":5130,"ahargana":1873449.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":38.064,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":21.3086,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":343.2446,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2446},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":21.3086,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.9753},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":59.3726},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.332,"elongation":16.755},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.332,"opposition_distance":163.245}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:00","sunsetLocal":"18:59","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.990641558766503,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 59 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 00 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:03","moonsetLocal":"17:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:44","end":"17:22","startHours":15.741515600643352,"endHours":17.365345795489166,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:15","end":"10:52","startHours":9.2461948212601,"endHours":10.870025016105913,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:07","startHours":12.493855210951725,"endHours":14.11768540579754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:02","end":"09:28","startHours":9.029684128613992,"endHours":9.462705513906208,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:32","end":"06:53","startHours":6.539811163183746,"endHours":6.88622827141752,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:04","end":"12:56","startHours":12.060833825659511,"endHours":12.926876596243943,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:16","end":"05:08","startHours":4.266448890399607,"endHours":5.132491660984041,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:55","end":"06:00","startHours":4.915980968337933,"endHours":5.9985344315684745,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:32","startHours":14.65896213741281,"endHours":15.525004907997245,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:47","end":"19:11","startHours":18.78917599033498,"endHours":19.189175990334977,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:59","end":"19:32","startHours":18.989175990334978,"endHours":19.530452721950248,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:44","end":"20:29","startHours":18.739175990334978,"endHours":20.489175990334978,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:04","end":"00:56","startHours":24.06083382565951,"endHours":24.926876596243947,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:00","end":"07:37","startHours":5.9985344315684745,"endHours":7.622364626414288,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:37","end":"09:15","startHours":7.622364626414288,"endHours":9.2461948212601,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:15","end":"10:52","startHours":9.2461948212601,"endHours":10.870025016105913,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:52","end":"12:30","startHours":10.870025016105913,"endHours":12.493855210951725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:30","end":"14:07","startHours":12.493855210951725,"endHours":14.11768540579754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:07","end":"15:44","startHours":14.11768540579754,"endHours":15.741515600643352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:44","end":"17:22","startHours":15.741515600643352,"endHours":17.365345795489166,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:22","end":"18:59","startHours":17.365345795489166,"endHours":18.989175990334978,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:59","end":"20:22","startHours":18.989175990334978,"endHours":20.365345795489166,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:22","end":"21:44","startHours":20.365345795489166,"endHours":21.741515600643353,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:44","end":"23:07","startHours":21.741515600643353,"endHours":23.117685405797538,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:07","end":"00:30","startHours":23.117685405797538,"endHours":24.493855210951725,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:30","end":"01:52","startHours":24.493855210951725,"endHours":25.870025016105913,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:52","end":"03:15","startHours":25.870025016105913,"endHours":27.2461948212601,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:15","end":"04:37","startHours":27.2461948212601,"endHours":28.62236462641429,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:37","end":"06:00","startHours":28.62236462641429,"endHours":29.998534431568473,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:00","end":"07:00","startHours":5.9985344315684745,"endHours":6.9985344315684745,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:00","end":"08:00","startHours":6.9985344315684745,"endHours":7.9985344315684745,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:00","end":"09:00","startHours":7.9985344315684745,"endHours":8.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:00","end":"10:00","startHours":8.998534431568475,"endHours":9.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:00","end":"11:00","startHours":9.998534431568475,"endHours":10.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:00","end":"12:00","startHours":10.998534431568475,"endHours":11.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:00","end":"13:00","startHours":11.998534431568475,"endHours":12.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:00","end":"14:00","startHours":12.998534431568475,"endHours":13.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:00","end":"15:00","startHours":13.998534431568475,"endHours":14.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:00","end":"16:00","startHours":14.998534431568475,"endHours":15.998534431568475,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:00","end":"17:00","startHours":15.998534431568475,"endHours":16.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:00","end":"18:00","startHours":16.998534431568473,"endHours":17.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:00","end":"19:00","startHours":17.998534431568473,"endHours":18.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:00","end":"20:00","startHours":18.998534431568473,"endHours":19.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:00","end":"21:00","startHours":19.998534431568473,"endHours":20.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:00","end":"22:00","startHours":20.998534431568473,"endHours":21.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:00","end":"23:00","startHours":21.998534431568473,"endHours":22.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:00","end":"00:00","startHours":22.998534431568473,"endHours":23.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:00","end":"01:00","startHours":23.998534431568473,"endHours":24.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:00","end":"02:00","startHours":24.998534431568473,"endHours":25.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:00","end":"03:00","startHours":25.998534431568473,"endHours":26.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:00","end":"04:00","startHours":26.998534431568473,"endHours":27.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:00","end":"05:00","startHours":27.998534431568473,"endHours":28.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:00","end":"06:00","startHours":28.998534431568473,"endHours":29.998534431568473,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mudgara","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":20.648030093812373,"eotMinutes":3.395487342896394,"ayanamsa":24.2496}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5},{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 23, 2028 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 23, 2028 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:00, sūryāsta 18:59.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-05-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:52:41.647Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:52:41.647Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T15:52:41.647Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}