{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2028-04-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-04-02","date_display":"April 2, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461863.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873398.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":348.6778,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":71.891,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":83.2132,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2132},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":71.891,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.2244},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.5689},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461863.770833,"ahargana":1873398.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2477,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":348.579057,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":68.97605699999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0029},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":345.590257,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":338.098357,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":145.65565700000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":33.838257,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":4.377456999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.3442,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.3442,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":4,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461863.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873398.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":348.6778,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":71.891,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":83.2132,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.2132},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":71.891,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.2244},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":60.5689},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.003,"elongation":83.213},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.003,"opposition_distance":96.787}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:27","sunsetLocal":"18:47","solarNoonLocal":"12:37","dayLengthHours":12.319736554927374,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:26","moonsetLocal":"00:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:14","end":"18:47","startHours":17.237490618741433,"endHours":18.777457688107354,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:37","end":"14:09","startHours":12.617589410643667,"endHours":14.157556480009589,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.69752354937551,"endHours":17.237490618741433,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:20","end":"09:45","startHours":9.3323263293297,"endHours":9.742984214493946,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:58","end":"07:18","startHours":6.971043489635287,"endHours":7.299569797766684,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:12","end":"13:02","startHours":12.20693152547942,"endHours":13.028247295807914,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:38","startHours":4.815089592522996,"endHours":5.636405362851487,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:27","startHours":5.431076420269365,"endHours":6.457721133179979,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:30","startHours":14.670878836464894,"endHours":15.492194606793385,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:35","end":"18:59","startHours":18.577457688107355,"endHours":18.977457688107354,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:47","end":"19:17","startHours":18.777457688107354,"endHours":19.290780044562663,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:32","end":"20:17","startHours":18.527457688107354,"endHours":20.277457688107354,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:12","end":"01:02","startHours":24.206931525479423,"endHours":25.028247295807912,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:27","end":"08:00","startHours":6.457721133179979,"endHours":7.997688202545901,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:00","end":"09:32","startHours":7.997688202545901,"endHours":9.537655271911824,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:32","end":"11:05","startHours":9.537655271911824,"endHours":11.077622341277745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:05","end":"12:37","startHours":11.077622341277745,"endHours":12.617589410643667,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:37","end":"14:09","startHours":12.617589410643667,"endHours":14.157556480009589,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:09","end":"15:42","startHours":14.157556480009589,"endHours":15.69752354937551,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.69752354937551,"endHours":17.237490618741433,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:14","end":"18:47","startHours":17.237490618741433,"endHours":18.777457688107354,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:47","end":"20:14","startHours":18.777457688107354,"endHours":20.237490618741433,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.237490618741433,"endHours":21.69752354937551,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:42","end":"23:09","startHours":21.69752354937551,"endHours":23.15755648000959,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:09","end":"00:37","startHours":23.15755648000959,"endHours":24.617589410643667,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:37","end":"02:05","startHours":24.617589410643667,"endHours":26.077622341277745,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:05","end":"03:32","startHours":26.077622341277745,"endHours":27.537655271911824,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:32","end":"05:00","startHours":27.537655271911824,"endHours":28.997688202545902,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:00","end":"06:27","startHours":28.997688202545902,"endHours":30.45772113317998,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:27","end":"07:27","startHours":6.457721133179979,"endHours":7.457721133179979,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:27","end":"08:27","startHours":7.457721133179979,"endHours":8.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:27","end":"09:27","startHours":8.45772113317998,"endHours":9.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:27","end":"10:27","startHours":9.45772113317998,"endHours":10.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:27","end":"11:27","startHours":10.45772113317998,"endHours":11.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:27","end":"12:27","startHours":11.45772113317998,"endHours":12.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:27","end":"13:27","startHours":12.45772113317998,"endHours":13.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:27","end":"14:27","startHours":13.45772113317998,"endHours":14.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:27","end":"15:27","startHours":14.45772113317998,"endHours":15.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:27","end":"16:27","startHours":15.45772113317998,"endHours":16.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:27","end":"17:27","startHours":16.45772113317998,"endHours":17.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:27","end":"18:27","startHours":17.45772113317998,"endHours":18.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:27","end":"19:27","startHours":18.45772113317998,"endHours":19.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:27","end":"20:27","startHours":19.45772113317998,"endHours":20.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:27","end":"21:27","startHours":20.45772113317998,"endHours":21.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:27","end":"22:27","startHours":21.45772113317998,"endHours":22.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:27","end":"23:27","startHours":22.45772113317998,"endHours":23.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:27","end":"00:27","startHours":23.45772113317998,"endHours":24.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:27","end":"01:27","startHours":24.45772113317998,"endHours":25.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:27","end":"02:27","startHours":25.45772113317998,"endHours":26.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:27","end":"03:27","startHours":26.45772113317998,"endHours":27.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:27","end":"04:27","startHours":27.45772113317998,"endHours":28.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:27","end":"05:27","startHours":28.45772113317998,"endHours":29.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:27","end":"06:27","startHours":29.45772113317998,"endHours":30.45772113317998,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":5.065708108297983,"eotMinutes":-4.028564638619968,"ayanamsa":24.2477}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 2, 2028 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 2, 2028 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:27, sūryāsta 18:47.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-04-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:33:41.189Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:33:41.189Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:33:41.189Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}