{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2028-03-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2028-03-16","date_display":"March 16, 2028 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461846.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873381.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.8411,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":216.3762,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":244.5351,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.5351},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":216.3762,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.0429},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2174},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461846.770833,"ahargana":1873381.2708,"kali_year":5129,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.247,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.728607,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":218.84540700000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.004},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":332.38430700000004,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":309.44490700000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.73580700000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":17.313206999999977,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":2.330806999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":279.2449,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":99.2449,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2028,"month":3,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461846.770833,"kali_year":5129,"ahargana":1873381.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":331.8411,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":216.3762,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":244.5351,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.5351},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":216.3762,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.0429},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.2174},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.004,"elongation":115.465},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.004,"opposition_distance":64.535}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:41","sunsetLocal":"18:44","solarNoonLocal":"12:42","dayLengthHours":12.051981082258695,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 03 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 56 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:34","moonsetLocal":"10:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:13","end":"15:43","startHours":14.2129376376401,"endHours":15.71943527292244,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:41","end":"08:11","startHours":6.680449461228417,"endHours":8.186947096510753,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:42","end":"11:12","startHours":9.69344473179309,"endHours":11.199942367075428,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:30","end":"09:54","startHours":9.492578380422112,"endHours":9.89431108316407,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:11","end":"07:30","startHours":7.182615339655863,"endHours":7.504001501849428,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:18","end":"13:06","startHours":12.304707299615808,"endHours":13.10817270509972,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:04","end":"05:53","startHours":5.07351865026059,"endHours":5.876984055744503,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":5.676117704373525,"endHours":6.680449461228417,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:43","end":"15:31","startHours":14.715103516067547,"endHours":15.51856892155146,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:32","end":"18:56","startHours":18.532430543487113,"endHours":18.93243054348711,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:44","end":"19:14","startHours":18.732430543487112,"endHours":19.234596421914556,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:29","end":"20:14","startHours":18.482430543487112,"endHours":20.232430543487112,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:18","end":"01:06","startHours":24.30470729961581,"endHours":25.108172705099722,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:41","end":"08:11","startHours":6.680449461228417,"endHours":8.186947096510753,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:11","end":"09:42","startHours":8.186947096510753,"endHours":9.69344473179309,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:42","end":"11:12","startHours":9.69344473179309,"endHours":11.199942367075428,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:12","end":"12:42","startHours":11.199942367075428,"endHours":12.706440002357764,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:42","end":"14:13","startHours":12.706440002357764,"endHours":14.2129376376401,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:13","end":"15:43","startHours":14.2129376376401,"endHours":15.71943527292244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:43","end":"17:14","startHours":15.71943527292244,"endHours":17.225932908204776,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:14","end":"18:44","startHours":17.225932908204776,"endHours":18.732430543487112,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:44","end":"20:14","startHours":18.732430543487112,"endHours":20.225932908204776,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:14","end":"21:43","startHours":20.225932908204776,"endHours":21.71943527292244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:43","end":"23:13","startHours":21.71943527292244,"endHours":23.212937637640103,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:13","end":"00:42","startHours":23.212937637640103,"endHours":24.706440002357766,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:42","end":"02:12","startHours":24.706440002357766,"endHours":26.19994236707543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:12","end":"03:42","startHours":26.19994236707543,"endHours":27.69344473179309,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:42","end":"05:11","startHours":27.69344473179309,"endHours":29.186947096510753,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:11","end":"06:41","startHours":29.186947096510753,"endHours":30.680449461228417,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:41","end":"07:41","startHours":6.680449461228417,"endHours":7.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:41","end":"08:41","startHours":7.680449461228417,"endHours":8.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:41","end":"09:41","startHours":8.680449461228417,"endHours":9.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:41","end":"10:41","startHours":9.680449461228417,"endHours":10.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:41","end":"11:41","startHours":10.680449461228417,"endHours":11.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:41","end":"12:41","startHours":11.680449461228417,"endHours":12.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:41","end":"13:41","startHours":12.680449461228417,"endHours":13.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:41","end":"14:41","startHours":13.680449461228417,"endHours":14.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:41","end":"15:41","startHours":14.680449461228417,"endHours":15.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:41","end":"16:41","startHours":15.680449461228417,"endHours":16.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:41","end":"17:41","startHours":16.680449461228417,"endHours":17.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:41","end":"18:41","startHours":17.680449461228417,"endHours":18.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:41","end":"19:41","startHours":18.680449461228417,"endHours":19.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:41","end":"20:41","startHours":19.680449461228417,"endHours":20.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:41","end":"21:41","startHours":20.680449461228417,"endHours":21.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:41","end":"22:41","startHours":21.680449461228417,"endHours":22.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:41","end":"23:41","startHours":22.680449461228417,"endHours":23.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:41","end":"00:41","startHours":23.680449461228417,"endHours":24.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:41","end":"01:41","startHours":24.680449461228417,"endHours":25.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:41","end":"02:41","startHours":25.680449461228417,"endHours":26.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:41","end":"03:41","startHours":26.680449461228417,"endHours":27.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:41","end":"04:41","startHours":27.680449461228417,"endHours":28.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:41","end":"05:41","startHours":28.680449461228417,"endHours":29.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:41","end":"06:41","startHours":29.680449461228417,"endHours":30.680449461228417,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.5995236950384681,"eotMinutes":-9.359600141465874,"ayanamsa":24.247}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2085,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmati","saka_samvat":1950,"saka_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","bengali_samvat":1435,"malayalam_era":1204,"nanakshahi_year":559,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2085 Durmati · Śaka 1950 Kīlaka"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 16, 2028 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 16, 2028 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:41, sūryāsta 18:44.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2028-03-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:34.973Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:34.973Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:19:34.973Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}