{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2026-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461405.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872940.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.8124,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.5818,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":269.7694,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.7694},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":164.5818,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.5818},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":59.3941},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461405.770833,"ahargana":1872940.2708,"kali_year":5128,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2301,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.12275599999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":168.11485600000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.0077},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":135.12595599999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":253.79545600000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":122.045456,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":207.87935600000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":344.124956,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":302.6112,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":122.6112,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461405.770833,"kali_year":5128,"ahargana":1872940.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.8124,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":164.5818,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":269.7694,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.7694},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2,"moon_longitude":164.5818,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.5818},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":59.3941},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.008,"elongation":90.231},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.008,"opposition_distance":89.769}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:02","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:36","dayLengthHours":11.146069445411653,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:52","moonsetLocal":"12:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.997975929406547,"endHours":15.391234610083004,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:02","end":"08:25","startHours":7.031682526024264,"endHours":8.424941206700721,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.818199887377178,"endHours":11.211458568053633,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:00","startHours":9.632432063286984,"endHours":10.003967711467372,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:48","startHours":7.49610208624975,"endHours":7.793330604794061,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"12:59","startHours":12.2331816005497,"endHours":12.976252896910479,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:33","end":"06:17","startHours":5.5455399333027104,"endHours":6.288611229663488,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:06","end":"07:02","startHours":6.102843405573293,"endHours":7.031682526024264,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:12","startHours":14.462395489632033,"endHours":15.20546678599281,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.977751971435918,"endHours":18.377751971435917,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:39","startHours":18.177751971435917,"endHours":18.642171531661404,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.927751971435917,"endHours":19.677751971435917,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"00:59","startHours":24.233181600549702,"endHours":24.976252896910477,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:02","end":"08:25","startHours":7.031682526024264,"endHours":8.424941206700721,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:25","end":"09:49","startHours":8.424941206700721,"endHours":9.818199887377178,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.818199887377178,"endHours":11.211458568053633,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:13","end":"12:36","startHours":11.211458568053633,"endHours":12.60471724873009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.997975929406547,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.997975929406547,"endHours":15.391234610083004,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.391234610083004,"endHours":16.78449329075946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.78449329075946,"endHours":18.177751971435917,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:11","end":"19:47","startHours":18.177751971435917,"endHours":19.78449329075946,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:47","end":"21:23","startHours":19.78449329075946,"endHours":21.391234610083004,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:23","end":"23:00","startHours":21.391234610083004,"endHours":22.997975929406547,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:00","end":"00:36","startHours":22.997975929406547,"endHours":24.60471724873009,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:36","end":"02:13","startHours":24.60471724873009,"endHours":26.211458568053636,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:13","end":"03:49","startHours":26.211458568053636,"endHours":27.818199887377176,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:49","end":"05:25","startHours":27.818199887377176,"endHours":29.424941206700723,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:25","end":"07:02","startHours":29.424941206700723,"endHours":31.031682526024262,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.031682526024264,"endHours":8.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.031682526024264,"endHours":9.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.031682526024264,"endHours":10.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.031682526024264,"endHours":11.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.031682526024264,"endHours":12.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.031682526024264,"endHours":13.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.031682526024264,"endHours":14.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.031682526024264,"endHours":15.031682526024264,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.031682526024264,"endHours":16.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.031682526024262,"endHours":17.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.031682526024262,"endHours":18.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.031682526024262,"endHours":19.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.031682526024262,"endHours":20.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.031682526024262,"endHours":21.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.031682526024262,"endHours":22.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.031682526024262,"endHours":23.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.031682526024262,"endHours":24.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.031682526024262,"endHours":25.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.031682526024262,"endHours":26.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.031682526024262,"endHours":27.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.031682526024262,"endHours":28.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.031682526024262,"endHours":29.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.031682526024262,"endHours":30.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":30.031682526024262,"endHours":31.031682526024262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.106725930470837,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.2301}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2026 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2026 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 07:02, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:57:41.947Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:57:41.947Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:57:41.947Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}