{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2026-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2026-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 2026 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2319,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.8234,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.5915,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5915},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.8234,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.49},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":129.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"kali_year":5127,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.2196,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.123463,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":141.97876299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.4419},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":327.7359630000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":318.3781630000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.33016299999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":5.8966629999999896,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":341.293663,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":317.1821,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":137.1821,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2026,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2461130.770833,"kali_year":5127,"ahargana":1872665.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2319,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":142.8234,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":14,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":156.5915,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.5915},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":142.8234,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.49},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":129.0552},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":26,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.442,"elongation":156.591},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.442,"opposition_distance":23.409}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-12,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.168,"elongation":1.468}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.280453566663859,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:52","moonsetLocal":"05:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.698255081934075,"endHours":17.233311777767057,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:33","end":"11:06","startHours":9.558028298602146,"endHours":11.093084994435127,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.163198386101092,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:46","startHours":9.353354072491081,"endHours":9.762702524713209,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:20","startHours":6.999600472213841,"endHours":7.327079233991545,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:02","startHours":12.218793238045981,"endHours":13.037490142490237,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:40","startHours":4.850521098047666,"endHours":5.669218002491923,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:29","startHours":5.464543776380859,"endHours":6.48791490693618,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:30","startHours":14.674883951378753,"endHours":15.49358085582301,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.56836847360004,"endHours":18.968368473600037,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:17","startHours":18.768368473600038,"endHours":19.280054038877697,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.518368473600038,"endHours":20.268368473600038,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:02","startHours":24.21879323804598,"endHours":25.03749014249024,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:29","end":"08:01","startHours":6.48791490693618,"endHours":8.022971602769163,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:01","end":"09:33","startHours":8.022971602769163,"endHours":9.558028298602146,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:33","end":"11:06","startHours":9.558028298602146,"endHours":11.093084994435127,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.093084994435127,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.163198386101092,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:42","startHours":14.163198386101092,"endHours":15.698255081934075,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.698255081934075,"endHours":17.233311777767057,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.233311777767057,"endHours":18.768368473600038,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:46","end":"20:14","startHours":18.768368473600038,"endHours":20.233311777767057,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.233311777767057,"endHours":21.69825508193407,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:42","end":"23:10","startHours":21.69825508193407,"endHours":23.16319838610109,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:10","end":"00:38","startHours":23.16319838610109,"endHours":24.62814169026811,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:38","end":"02:06","startHours":24.62814169026811,"endHours":26.093084994435127,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:06","end":"03:33","startHours":26.093084994435127,"endHours":27.558028298602146,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:33","end":"05:01","startHours":27.558028298602146,"endHours":29.02297160276916,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:01","end":"06:29","startHours":29.02297160276916,"endHours":30.48791490693618,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.48791490693618,"endHours":7.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.48791490693618,"endHours":8.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.48791490693618,"endHours":9.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.48791490693618,"endHours":10.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.48791490693618,"endHours":11.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.48791490693618,"endHours":12.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.48791490693618,"endHours":13.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.48791490693618,"endHours":14.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.48791490693618,"endHours":15.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.48791490693618,"endHours":16.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.48791490693618,"endHours":17.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.48791490693618,"endHours":18.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.48791490693618,"endHours":19.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.48791490693618,"endHours":20.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.48791490693618,"endHours":21.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.48791490693618,"endHours":22.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.48791490693618,"endHours":23.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.48791490693618,"endHours":24.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.48791490693618,"endHours":25.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.48791490693618,"endHours":26.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.48791490693618,"endHours":27.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.48791490693618,"endHours":28.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.48791490693618,"endHours":29.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.48791490693618,"endHours":30.48791490693618,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.094950538963431,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":24.2196}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2083,"vikram_samvatsara":"Siddhārthī","saka_samvat":1948,"saka_samvatsara":"Parābhava","bengali_samvat":1433,"malayalam_era":1202,"nanakshahi_year":557,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Caturdaśī · Vikram 2083 Siddhārthī · Śaka 1948 Parābhava"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 2026 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 2026 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2026-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T11:50:38.665Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T11:50:38.665Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T11:50:38.665Z","pillar_versions":{"BOB-History":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}