{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2024-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460329.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871864.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.1319,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":26.6925,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.5606,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5606},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":26.6925,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0259},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":301.8245},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460329.770833,"ahargana":1871864.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.189,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.26596799999993,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":28.597868000000005,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0462},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":257.08466799999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":252.449068,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":12.090967999999975,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":241.39266799999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.02176800000007,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":359.6229,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":179.6229,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460329.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871864.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.1319,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":26.6925,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":111.5606,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5606},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":26.6925,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0259},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":301.8245},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.046,"elongation":111.561},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.046,"opposition_distance":68.439}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:06","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":11.276142716573077,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:52","moonsetLocal":"02:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:55","end":"11:19","startHours":9.91414937647722,"endHours":11.323667216048854,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:09","end":"15:33","startHours":14.142702895192123,"endHours":15.552220734763758,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.095113697333951,"endHours":8.504631536905585,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:06","startHours":9.726213664534335,"endHours":10.102085088420104,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:52","startHours":7.5649529771911626,"endHours":7.865650116299778,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:07","startHours":12.35731363173472,"endHours":13.109056479506258,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:35","end":"06:21","startHours":5.591628001790874,"endHours":6.343370849562413,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:09","end":"07:06","startHours":6.155435137619528,"endHours":7.095113697333951,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:22","startHours":14.612542175049335,"endHours":15.364285022820873,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.171256413907027,"endHours":18.571256413907026,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:50","startHours":18.371256413907027,"endHours":18.841095693764238,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.121256413907027,"endHours":19.871256413907027,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:07","startHours":24.35731363173472,"endHours":25.109056479506258,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.095113697333951,"endHours":8.504631536905585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:30","end":"09:55","startHours":8.504631536905585,"endHours":9.91414937647722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:55","end":"11:19","startHours":9.91414937647722,"endHours":11.323667216048854,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:19","end":"12:44","startHours":11.323667216048854,"endHours":12.733185055620488,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:44","end":"14:09","startHours":12.733185055620488,"endHours":14.142702895192123,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:09","end":"15:33","startHours":14.142702895192123,"endHours":15.552220734763758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:33","end":"16:58","startHours":15.552220734763758,"endHours":16.961738574335392,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:22","startHours":16.961738574335392,"endHours":18.371256413907027,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:22","end":"19:58","startHours":18.371256413907027,"endHours":19.961738574335392,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:58","end":"21:33","startHours":19.961738574335392,"endHours":21.552220734763758,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:33","end":"23:09","startHours":21.552220734763758,"endHours":23.142702895192123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:09","end":"00:44","startHours":23.142702895192123,"endHours":24.73318505562049,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:44","end":"02:19","startHours":24.73318505562049,"endHours":26.323667216048854,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:19","end":"03:55","startHours":26.323667216048854,"endHours":27.91414937647722,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:55","end":"05:30","startHours":27.91414937647722,"endHours":29.504631536905585,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:30","end":"07:06","startHours":29.504631536905585,"endHours":31.09511369733395,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.095113697333951,"endHours":8.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.09511369733395,"endHours":9.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.09511369733395,"endHours":10.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.09511369733395,"endHours":11.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.09511369733395,"endHours":12.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.09511369733395,"endHours":13.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.09511369733395,"endHours":14.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.09511369733395,"endHours":15.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.09511369733395,"endHours":16.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.09511369733395,"endHours":17.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.09511369733395,"endHours":18.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.09511369733395,"endHours":19.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.09511369733395,"endHours":20.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.09511369733395,"endHours":21.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.09511369733395,"endHours":22.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.09511369733395,"endHours":23.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.09511369733395,"endHours":24.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.09511369733395,"endHours":25.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.09511369733395,"endHours":26.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.09511369733395,"endHours":27.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.09511369733395,"endHours":28.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.09511369733395,"endHours":29.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":29.09511369733395,"endHours":30.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":30.09511369733395,"endHours":31.09511369733395,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.26254931876372,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":24.189}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 2024 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 2024 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 07:06, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2024-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:29:29.412Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T16:29:29.413Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T16:29:29.413Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}