{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2023-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460294.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871829.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.1727,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.6558,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":38.4831,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4831},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.6558,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.9892},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":156.8285},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460294.770833,"ahargana":1871829.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1876,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.61220500000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":280.066505,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4738},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":231.110505,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":253.395305,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":11.800004999999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":198.83170500000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":307.894005,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":1.4774,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":181.4774,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460294.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871829.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":239.1727,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.6558,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":38.4831,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4831},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.6558,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.9892},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":156.8285},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":6,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.474,"elongation":38.483},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.474,"opposition_distance":141.517}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:55","sunsetLocal":"18:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":11.137447210680193,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 15 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 45 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:33","moonsetLocal":"20:50","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:42","end":"11:06","startHours":9.70413625021041,"endHours":11.096317151545435,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:53","end":"15:16","startHours":13.880678954215483,"endHours":15.272859855550507,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:55","end":"08:19","startHours":6.9197744475403615,"endHours":8.311955348875387,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:31","end":"09:53","startHours":9.518512130032406,"endHours":9.889760370388412,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:23","end":"07:41","startHours":7.38383474798537,"endHours":7.680833340270175,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:52","startHours":12.117249812524452,"endHours":12.859746293236466,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:26","end":"06:11","startHours":5.434781486116336,"endHours":6.177277966828349,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:59","end":"06:55","startHours":5.991653846650346,"endHours":6.9197744475403615,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:21","end":"15:05","startHours":14.34473925466049,"endHours":15.087235735372504,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:51","end":"18:15","startHours":17.857221658220556,"endHours":18.257221658220555,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:03","end":"18:31","startHours":18.057221658220556,"endHours":18.521281958665565,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:48","end":"19:33","startHours":17.807221658220556,"endHours":19.557221658220556,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:52","startHours":24.117249812524452,"endHours":24.859746293236466,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:55","end":"08:19","startHours":6.9197744475403615,"endHours":8.311955348875387,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:19","end":"09:42","startHours":8.311955348875387,"endHours":9.70413625021041,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:42","end":"11:06","startHours":9.70413625021041,"endHours":11.096317151545435,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:06","end":"12:29","startHours":11.096317151545435,"endHours":12.488498052880459,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:29","end":"13:53","startHours":12.488498052880459,"endHours":13.880678954215483,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:53","end":"15:16","startHours":13.880678954215483,"endHours":15.272859855550507,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:16","end":"16:40","startHours":15.272859855550507,"endHours":16.66504075688553,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:40","end":"18:03","startHours":16.66504075688553,"endHours":18.057221658220556,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:03","end":"19:40","startHours":18.057221658220556,"endHours":19.66504075688553,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:40","end":"21:16","startHours":19.66504075688553,"endHours":21.272859855550507,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:16","end":"22:53","startHours":21.272859855550507,"endHours":22.880678954215483,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:53","end":"00:29","startHours":22.880678954215483,"endHours":24.48849805288046,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:29","end":"02:06","startHours":24.48849805288046,"endHours":26.096317151545435,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:06","end":"03:42","startHours":26.096317151545435,"endHours":27.70413625021041,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:42","end":"05:19","startHours":27.70413625021041,"endHours":29.311955348875387,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:19","end":"06:55","startHours":29.311955348875387,"endHours":30.919774447540362,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.9197744475403615,"endHours":7.9197744475403615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.9197744475403615,"endHours":8.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.919774447540362,"endHours":9.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.919774447540362,"endHours":10.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.919774447540362,"endHours":11.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.919774447540362,"endHours":12.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.919774447540362,"endHours":13.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.919774447540362,"endHours":14.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.919774447540362,"endHours":15.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.919774447540362,"endHours":16.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.919774447540362,"endHours":17.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.919774447540362,"endHours":18.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.919774447540362,"endHours":19.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.919774447540362,"endHours":20.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.919774447540362,"endHours":21.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.919774447540362,"endHours":22.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.919774447540362,"endHours":23.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.919774447540362,"endHours":24.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.919774447540362,"endHours":25.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.919774447540362,"endHours":26.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.919774447540362,"endHours":27.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.919774447540362,"endHours":28.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":28.919774447540362,"endHours":29.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":29.919774447540362,"endHours":30.919774447540362,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.29129536646814,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":24.1876}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 2023 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 2023 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:55, sūryāsta 18:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2023-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:15:10.037Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:15:10.037Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T06:15:10.037Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}