{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2022-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2022-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 2022 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2022,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459700.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871235.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.5128,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":20.4243,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":3.9115,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9115},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":20.4243,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.091},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":36.9371},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2022,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459700.770833,"ahargana":1871235.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1649,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.502400000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":18.653500000000008,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.975},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":317.5345,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":36.66610000000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":333.823,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":333.68859999999995,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":300.16370000000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":32.9503,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":212.9503,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2022,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459700.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871235.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.5128,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":20.4243,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":3.9115,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.9115},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":20.4243,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.091},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":36.9371},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.975,"elongation":3.912},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.975,"opposition_distance":176.088}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":15,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.329,"opposition_distance":2.986}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.736458053643979,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 44 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 15 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:17","moonsetLocal":"19:01","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:17","end":"18:52","startHours":17.277984981300378,"endHours":18.870042238005876,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.501813211183887,"endHours":14.093870467889385,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:17","startHours":15.685927724594883,"endHours":17.277984981300378,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:32","startHours":9.105424396878826,"endHours":9.52997299866696,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"07:00","startHours":6.664269936597064,"endHours":7.00390881802757,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.077264609395755,"endHours":12.926361812972019,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:17","startHours":4.435389777209368,"endHours":5.2844869807856325,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:04","end":"06:08","startHours":5.0722126798915665,"endHours":6.133584184361898,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.62455622012455,"endHours":15.473653423700815,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.670042238005877,"endHours":19.070042238005875,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:24","startHours":18.870042238005876,"endHours":19.40072799024104,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.620042238005876,"endHours":20.370042238005876,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.077264609395755,"endHours":24.92636181297202,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:08","end":"07:44","startHours":6.133584184361898,"endHours":7.7256414410673955,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:44","end":"09:19","startHours":7.7256414410673955,"endHours":9.317698697772894,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:19","end":"10:55","startHours":9.317698697772894,"endHours":10.90975595447839,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:55","end":"12:30","startHours":10.90975595447839,"endHours":12.501813211183887,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.501813211183887,"endHours":14.093870467889385,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.093870467889385,"endHours":15.685927724594883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:41","end":"17:17","startHours":15.685927724594883,"endHours":17.277984981300378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:17","end":"18:52","startHours":17.277984981300378,"endHours":18.870042238005876,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:52","end":"20:17","startHours":18.870042238005876,"endHours":20.277984981300378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:17","end":"21:41","startHours":20.277984981300378,"endHours":21.685927724594883,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.685927724594883,"endHours":23.093870467889385,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:30","startHours":23.093870467889385,"endHours":24.501813211183887,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:30","end":"01:55","startHours":24.501813211183887,"endHours":25.90975595447839,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:55","end":"03:19","startHours":25.90975595447839,"endHours":27.31769869777289,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:19","end":"04:44","startHours":27.31769869777289,"endHours":28.725641441067395,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:44","end":"06:08","startHours":28.725641441067395,"endHours":30.133584184361897,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.133584184361898,"endHours":7.133584184361898,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.133584184361898,"endHours":8.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.133584184361897,"endHours":9.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.133584184361897,"endHours":10.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.133584184361897,"endHours":11.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.133584184361897,"endHours":12.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.133584184361897,"endHours":13.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.133584184361897,"endHours":14.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.133584184361897,"endHours":15.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.133584184361897,"endHours":16.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.133584184361897,"endHours":17.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.133584184361897,"endHours":18.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.133584184361897,"endHours":19.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.133584184361897,"endHours":20.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.133584184361897,"endHours":21.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.133584184361897,"endHours":22.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.133584184361897,"endHours":23.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.133584184361897,"endHours":24.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.133584184361897,"endHours":25.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.133584184361897,"endHours":26.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.133584184361897,"endHours":27.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.133584184361897,"endHours":28.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.133584184361897,"endHours":29.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.133584184361897,"endHours":30.133584184361897,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":15.021920109100211,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":24.1649}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2079,"vikram_samvatsara":"Rākṣasa","saka_samvat":1944,"saka_samvatsara":"Śubhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1429,"malayalam_era":1198,"nanakshahi_year":553,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2079 Rākṣasa · Śaka 1944 Śubhakṛt"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 2022 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 2022 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2022-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:44:37.851Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T19:44:37.851Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T19:44:37.851Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}