{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2021-05-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2021-05-16","date_display":"May 16, 2021 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.1888,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.3097,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.1209,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1209},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.3097,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3097},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4984},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"kali_year":5123,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1515,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.261573,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":77.586773,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2356},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":79.30217300000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":52.95037300000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":306.055073,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":44.12867299999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":289.339473,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":51.495,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":231.495,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2021,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459350.770833,"kali_year":5123,"ahargana":1870885.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":31.1888,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.3097,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":50.1209,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.1209},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.3097,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.3097},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":112.4984},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.236,"elongation":50.121},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.236,"opposition_distance":129.879}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:02","sunsetLocal":"18:57","solarNoonLocal":"12:29","dayLengthHours":12.919449765306688,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:03","moonsetLocal":"22:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:20","end":"18:57","startHours":17.332852746010214,"endHours":18.94778396667355,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:29","end":"14:06","startHours":12.488059084020207,"endHours":14.102990304683544,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:43","end":"17:20","startHours":15.71792152534688,"endHours":17.332852746010214,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:03","end":"09:28","startHours":9.042872479938424,"endHours":9.473520805448647,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:34","end":"06:55","startHours":6.566644608254642,"endHours":6.911163268662821,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:03","end":"12:55","startHours":12.057410758509985,"endHours":12.91870740953043,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:18","end":"05:10","startHours":4.305740899325972,"endHours":5.167037550346418,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:57","end":"06:02","startHours":4.951713387591306,"endHours":6.028334201366864,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:30","startHours":14.641300711571322,"endHours":15.502597362591768,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:45","end":"19:09","startHours":18.747783966673552,"endHours":19.14778396667355,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:57","end":"19:29","startHours":18.94778396667355,"endHours":19.48609437356133,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:42","end":"20:27","startHours":18.69778396667355,"endHours":20.44778396667355,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:03","end":"00:55","startHours":24.057410758509985,"endHours":24.91870740953043,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:02","end":"07:39","startHours":6.028334201366864,"endHours":7.6432654220302,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:39","end":"09:15","startHours":7.6432654220302,"endHours":9.258196642693536,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:15","end":"10:52","startHours":9.258196642693536,"endHours":10.87312786335687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:52","end":"12:29","startHours":10.87312786335687,"endHours":12.488059084020207,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:29","end":"14:06","startHours":12.488059084020207,"endHours":14.102990304683544,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:43","startHours":14.102990304683544,"endHours":15.71792152534688,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:43","end":"17:20","startHours":15.71792152534688,"endHours":17.332852746010214,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:20","end":"18:57","startHours":17.332852746010214,"endHours":18.94778396667355,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:57","end":"20:20","startHours":18.94778396667355,"endHours":20.332852746010214,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:20","end":"21:43","startHours":20.332852746010214,"endHours":21.71792152534688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:43","end":"23:06","startHours":21.71792152534688,"endHours":23.102990304683544,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:29","startHours":23.102990304683544,"endHours":24.488059084020207,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:29","end":"01:52","startHours":24.488059084020207,"endHours":25.87312786335687,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:52","end":"03:15","startHours":25.87312786335687,"endHours":27.258196642693534,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:15","end":"04:39","startHours":27.258196642693534,"endHours":28.6432654220302,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:39","end":"06:02","startHours":28.6432654220302,"endHours":30.028334201366864,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":6.028334201366864,"endHours":7.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.028334201366864,"endHours":8.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.028334201366864,"endHours":9.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.028334201366864,"endHours":10.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.028334201366864,"endHours":11.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.028334201366864,"endHours":12.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.028334201366864,"endHours":13.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.028334201366864,"endHours":14.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.028334201366864,"endHours":15.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.028334201366864,"endHours":16.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.028334201366864,"endHours":17.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.028334201366864,"endHours":18.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.028334201366864,"endHours":19.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.028334201366864,"endHours":20.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.028334201366864,"endHours":21.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.028334201366864,"endHours":22.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.028334201366864,"endHours":23.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.028334201366864,"endHours":24.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.028334201366864,"endHours":25.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.028334201366864,"endHours":26.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.028334201366864,"endHours":27.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.028334201366864,"endHours":28.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.028334201366864,"endHours":29.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.028334201366864,"endHours":30.028334201366864,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.113441692416465,"eotMinutes":3.743254958787478,"ayanamsa":24.1515}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2078,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1943,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1428,"malayalam_era":1197,"nanakshahi_year":552,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2078 Ānanda · Śaka 1943 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 16, 2021 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 16, 2021 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:02, sūryāsta 18:57.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2021-05-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:42:03.411Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:42:03.411Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:42:03.411Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}