{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2020-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2020-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2020 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459214.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870749.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3804,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":85.8587,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":190.4783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.4783},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":85.8587,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8587},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":341.2392},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459214.770833,"ahargana":1870749.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1463,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.67216899999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":86.18016899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.0523},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":2.5222689999999943,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":261.77596900000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":278.41946899999994,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":234.78476899999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":277.37106900000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":58.701,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":238.701,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459214.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870749.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.3804,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":85.8587,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":190.4783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.4783},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":85.8587,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8587},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":341.2392},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.052,"elongation":169.522},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.052,"opposition_distance":10.478}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-1,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.091,"opposition_distance":1.549}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:02","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:36","dayLengthHours":11.147632989379701,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 51 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 09 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:48","moonsetLocal":"07:49","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.998171372402552,"endHours":15.391625496075015,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:02","end":"08:25","startHours":7.030900754040239,"endHours":8.424354877712702,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.817809001385164,"endHours":11.211263125057627,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:00","startHours":9.632015118228836,"endHours":10.003602884541493,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:48","startHours":7.49538546193106,"endHours":7.7926556749811855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"12:59","startHours":12.233129482417434,"endHours":12.976305015042746,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:33","end":"06:17","startHours":5.544549688789612,"endHours":6.2877252214149255,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:06","end":"07:02","startHours":6.101931338258598,"endHours":7.030900754040239,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:12","startHours":14.462656080293375,"endHours":15.205831612918688,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.97853374341994,"endHours":18.37853374341994,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:39","startHours":18.17853374341994,"endHours":18.643018451310763,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.92853374341994,"endHours":19.67853374341994,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"00:59","startHours":24.233129482417432,"endHours":24.976305015042747,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:02","end":"08:25","startHours":7.030900754040239,"endHours":8.424354877712702,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:25","end":"09:49","startHours":8.424354877712702,"endHours":9.817809001385164,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.817809001385164,"endHours":11.211263125057627,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:13","end":"12:36","startHours":11.211263125057627,"endHours":12.60471724873009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.998171372402552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.998171372402552,"endHours":15.391625496075015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.391625496075015,"endHours":16.785079619747478,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.785079619747478,"endHours":18.17853374341994,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:11","end":"19:47","startHours":18.17853374341994,"endHours":19.785079619747478,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:47","end":"21:23","startHours":19.785079619747478,"endHours":21.391625496075015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:23","end":"23:00","startHours":21.391625496075015,"endHours":22.998171372402552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:00","end":"00:36","startHours":22.998171372402552,"endHours":24.60471724873009,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:36","end":"02:13","startHours":24.60471724873009,"endHours":26.211263125057627,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:13","end":"03:49","startHours":26.211263125057627,"endHours":27.817809001385164,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:49","end":"05:25","startHours":27.817809001385164,"endHours":29.4243548777127,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:25","end":"07:02","startHours":29.4243548777127,"endHours":31.03090075404024,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.030900754040239,"endHours":8.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.030900754040239,"endHours":9.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.030900754040239,"endHours":10.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.030900754040239,"endHours":11.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.030900754040239,"endHours":12.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.030900754040239,"endHours":13.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.030900754040239,"endHours":14.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.030900754040239,"endHours":15.030900754040239,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.030900754040239,"endHours":16.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.03090075404024,"endHours":17.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.03090075404024,"endHours":18.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.03090075404024,"endHours":19.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.03090075404024,"endHours":20.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.03090075404024,"endHours":21.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.03090075404024,"endHours":22.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.03090075404024,"endHours":23.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.03090075404024,"endHours":24.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.03090075404024,"endHours":25.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.03090075404024,"endHours":26.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.03090075404024,"endHours":27.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.03090075404024,"endHours":28.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.03090075404024,"endHours":29.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.03090075404024,"endHours":30.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":30.03090075404024,"endHours":31.03090075404024,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.07320233477974,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.1463}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2077,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramādī","saka_samvat":1942,"saka_samvatsara":"Śārvarī","bengali_samvat":1427,"malayalam_era":1196,"nanakshahi_year":551,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2077 Pramādī · Śaka 1942 Śārvarī"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2020 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2020 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 07:02, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:01:50.605Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:01:50.605Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T08:01:50.605Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}