{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2020-12-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2020-12-18","date_display":"December 18, 2020 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459201.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870736.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":242.0221,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.8716,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":43.8495,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8495},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.8716,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8716},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":167.8936},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459201.770833,"ahargana":1870736.2708,"kali_year":5122,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1458,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":242.430165,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":286.378965,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.2616},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":357.427265,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":240.949165,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":275.5291649999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":218.51816499999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":275.94156499999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":59.3898,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":239.3898,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2020,"month":12,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459201.770833,"kali_year":5122,"ahargana":1870736.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":242.0221,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":285.8716,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":4,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Caturthī","elongation_degrees":43.8495,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8495},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2,"moon_longitude":285.8716,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8716},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":167.8936},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":7,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.262,"elongation":43.85},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.262,"opposition_distance":136.15}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":12,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.091,"opposition_distance":1.549}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:56","sunsetLocal":"18:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":11.132724839460366,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 07 Mins 58 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 52 Mins 02 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:45","moonsetLocal":"21:07","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:07","end":"12:30","startHours":11.1123939392651,"endHours":12.503984544197646,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:17","end":"16:41","startHours":15.287165754062737,"endHours":16.678756358995283,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:20","end":"09:43","startHours":8.329212729400009,"endHours":9.720803334332555,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:32","end":"09:54","startHours":9.53525792034155,"endHours":9.906348748323563,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:24","end":"07:42","startHours":7.40148565944498,"endHours":7.6983583218305895,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:08","end":"12:53","startHours":12.132893716215634,"endHours":12.875075372179658,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:27","end":"06:12","startHours":5.453258812539415,"endHours":6.19544046850344,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:01","end":"06:56","startHours":6.009895054512434,"endHours":6.937622124467464,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:22","end":"15:06","startHours":14.359438684107708,"endHours":15.101620340071733,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:52","end":"18:16","startHours":17.87034696392783,"endHours":18.270346963927828,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:04","end":"18:32","startHours":18.07034696392783,"endHours":18.534210498905345,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:49","end":"19:34","startHours":17.82034696392783,"endHours":19.57034696392783,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:08","end":"00:53","startHours":24.132893716215634,"endHours":24.87507537217966,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:56","end":"08:20","startHours":6.937622124467464,"endHours":8.329212729400009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:20","end":"09:43","startHours":8.329212729400009,"endHours":9.720803334332555,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:43","end":"11:07","startHours":9.720803334332555,"endHours":11.1123939392651,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:07","end":"12:30","startHours":11.1123939392651,"endHours":12.503984544197646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:30","end":"13:54","startHours":12.503984544197646,"endHours":13.895575149130192,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:54","end":"15:17","startHours":13.895575149130192,"endHours":15.287165754062737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:17","end":"16:41","startHours":15.287165754062737,"endHours":16.678756358995283,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:41","end":"18:04","startHours":16.678756358995283,"endHours":18.07034696392783,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:04","end":"19:41","startHours":18.07034696392783,"endHours":19.678756358995283,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:41","end":"21:17","startHours":19.678756358995283,"endHours":21.287165754062737,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:17","end":"22:54","startHours":21.287165754062737,"endHours":22.89557514913019,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:54","end":"00:30","startHours":22.89557514913019,"endHours":24.503984544197646,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:30","end":"02:07","startHours":24.503984544197646,"endHours":26.1123939392651,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:07","end":"03:43","startHours":26.1123939392651,"endHours":27.720803334332555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:43","end":"05:20","startHours":27.720803334332555,"endHours":29.32921272940001,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:20","end":"06:56","startHours":29.32921272940001,"endHours":30.937622124467463,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.937622124467464,"endHours":7.937622124467464,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.937622124467464,"endHours":8.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.937622124467463,"endHours":9.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.937622124467463,"endHours":10.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.937622124467463,"endHours":11.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.937622124467463,"endHours":12.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.937622124467463,"endHours":13.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.937622124467463,"endHours":14.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.937622124467463,"endHours":15.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.937622124467463,"endHours":16.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.937622124467463,"endHours":17.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.937622124467463,"endHours":18.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.937622124467463,"endHours":19.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.937622124467463,"endHours":20.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.937622124467463,"endHours":21.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.937622124467463,"endHours":22.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.937622124467463,"endHours":23.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.937622124467463,"endHours":24.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.937622124467463,"endHours":25.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.937622124467463,"endHours":26.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.937622124467463,"endHours":27.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.937622124467463,"endHours":28.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":28.937622124467463,"endHours":29.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":29.937622124467463,"endHours":30.937622124467463,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.392169155056955,"eotMinutes":2.787727348141232,"ayanamsa":24.1458}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2077,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramādī","saka_samvat":1942,"saka_samvatsara":"Śārvarī","bengali_samvat":1427,"malayalam_era":1196,"nanakshahi_year":551,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Caturthī · Vikram 2077 Pramādī · Śaka 1942 Śārvarī"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"vinayaka-chaturthi","name":"Vināyaka Caturthī (monthly)","name_sanskrit":"विनायक चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Śukla-pakṣa Caturthī; auspicious for new ventures.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":4,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 18, 2020 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 18, 2020 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:56, sūryāsta 18:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2020-12-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:15:13.098Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:15:13.098Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:15:13.098Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}