{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2019-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458601.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870136.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3959,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.5106,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":281.1147,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1147},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":294.5106,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1773},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":307.9065},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458601.770833,"ahargana":1870136.2708,"kali_year":5121,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1229,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.362790000000018,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":295.4524899999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.7806},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":53.909190000000024,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":350.59499,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":239.74359000000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":344.55949,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":266.31129,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":91.1806,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":271.1806,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458601.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870136.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.3959,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":294.5106,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":281.1147,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.1147},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":294.5106,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.1773},"yoga":{"number":24,"name":"Śukla","sum_longitude":307.9065},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.781,"elongation":78.885},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.781,"opposition_distance":101.115}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"18:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.692393767186152,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 33 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 27 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:35","moonsetLocal":"13:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.268554826771144,"endHours":18.855104047669414,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.095456384974607,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.682005605872876,"endHours":17.268554826771144,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:33","startHours":9.12426882616003,"endHours":9.54734861839957,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:02","startHours":6.691560020782685,"endHours":7.030023854574315,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.0858273718368,"endHours":12.931986956315875,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:19","startHours":4.4703911115251085,"endHours":5.316550696004185,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:10","startHours":5.1050107998844165,"endHours":6.162710280483262,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.62430612527403,"endHours":15.470465709753107,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:39","end":"19:03","startHours":18.655104047669415,"endHours":19.055104047669413,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:51","end":"19:23","startHours":18.855104047669414,"endHours":19.38395378796884,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:21","startHours":18.605104047669414,"endHours":20.355104047669414,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.0858273718368,"endHours":24.931986956315875,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.162710280483262,"endHours":7.749259501381531,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.749259501381531,"endHours":9.3358087222798,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.3358087222798,"endHours":10.922357943178069,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.922357943178069,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.095456384974607,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.095456384974607,"endHours":15.682005605872876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.682005605872876,"endHours":17.268554826771144,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.268554826771144,"endHours":18.855104047669414,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:51","end":"20:16","startHours":18.855104047669414,"endHours":20.268554826771144,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.268554826771144,"endHours":21.682005605872877,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.682005605872877,"endHours":23.095456384974607,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.095456384974607,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.92235794317807,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.92235794317807,"endHours":27.3358087222798,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.3358087222798,"endHours":28.74925950138153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:45","end":"06:10","startHours":28.74925950138153,"endHours":30.16271028048326,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.162710280483262,"endHours":7.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.162710280483262,"endHours":8.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.162710280483262,"endHours":9.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.162710280483262,"endHours":10.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.162710280483262,"endHours":11.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.162710280483262,"endHours":12.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.162710280483262,"endHours":13.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.162710280483262,"endHours":14.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.162710280483262,"endHours":15.162710280483262,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.162710280483262,"endHours":16.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.16271028048326,"endHours":17.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.16271028048326,"endHours":18.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.16271028048326,"endHours":19.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.16271028048326,"endHours":20.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.16271028048326,"endHours":21.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.16271028048326,"endHours":22.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.16271028048326,"endHours":23.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.16271028048326,"endHours":24.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.16271028048326,"endHours":25.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.16271028048326,"endHours":26.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.16271028048326,"endHours":27.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.16271028048326,"endHours":28.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.16271028048326,"endHours":29.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.16271028048326,"endHours":30.16271028048326,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.007290964951698,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":24.1229}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2019 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2019 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 18:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2019-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:18:47.826Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:18:47.826Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T05:18:47.826Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}