{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2018-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458389.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869924.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.973,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":15.5297,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":215.5567,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.5567},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":15.5297,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1963},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.5027},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458389.770833,"ahargana":1869924.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1148,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.76259000000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":15.543589999999995,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4933},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":280.43859,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":165.96519,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":207.33779000000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":195.48369000000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":248.69569,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":102.4134,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":282.4134,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458389.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869924.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":159.973,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":15.5297,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":215.5567,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.5567},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":15.5297,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.1963},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.5027},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.493,"elongation":144.443},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.493,"opposition_distance":35.557}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.03844810798654,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:21","moonsetLocal":"09:03","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.87596082803806,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:23","end":"16:54","startHours":15.390378868533013,"endHours":16.89518488203133,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.8663488010414255,"endHours":9.371154814539743,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.170514012739968,"endHours":9.571795616339518,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.863144792042547,"endHours":7.184170074922188,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:47","startHours":11.979485237936826,"endHours":12.78204844513593,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:34","startHours":4.756416373144903,"endHours":5.558979580344006,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":5.35833877854423,"endHours":6.361542787543108,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:11","startHours":14.387174859534134,"endHours":15.189738066733238,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.19999089552965,"endHours":18.599990895529647,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:54","startHours":18.399990895529648,"endHours":18.901592900029087,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.149990895529648,"endHours":19.899990895529648,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:47","startHours":23.979485237936828,"endHours":24.782048445135928,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.361542787543108,"endHours":7.8663488010414255,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.8663488010414255,"endHours":9.371154814539743,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.371154814539743,"endHours":10.87596082803806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.87596082803806,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:23","end":"13:53","startHours":12.380766841536378,"endHours":13.885572855034695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.885572855034695,"endHours":15.390378868533013,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:23","end":"16:54","startHours":15.390378868533013,"endHours":16.89518488203133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:54","end":"18:24","startHours":16.89518488203133,"endHours":18.399990895529648,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:24","end":"19:54","startHours":18.399990895529648,"endHours":19.89518488203133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:54","end":"21:23","startHours":19.89518488203133,"endHours":21.390378868533013,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:23","end":"22:53","startHours":21.390378868533013,"endHours":22.885572855034695,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:53","end":"00:23","startHours":22.885572855034695,"endHours":24.380766841536378,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:23","end":"01:53","startHours":24.380766841536378,"endHours":25.87596082803806,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:53","end":"03:22","startHours":25.87596082803806,"endHours":27.371154814539743,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:22","end":"04:52","startHours":27.371154814539743,"endHours":28.866348801041426,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:52","end":"06:22","startHours":28.866348801041426,"endHours":30.361542787543108,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.361542787543108,"endHours":7.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.361542787543108,"endHours":8.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.361542787543108,"endHours":9.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.361542787543108,"endHours":10.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.361542787543108,"endHours":11.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.361542787543108,"endHours":12.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.361542787543108,"endHours":13.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.361542787543108,"endHours":14.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.361542787543108,"endHours":15.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.361542787543108,"endHours":16.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.361542787543108,"endHours":17.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.361542787543108,"endHours":18.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.361542787543108,"endHours":19.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.361542787543108,"endHours":20.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.361542787543108,"endHours":21.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.361542787543108,"endHours":22.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.361542787543108,"endHours":23.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.361542787543108,"endHours":24.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.361542787543108,"endHours":25.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.361542787543108,"endHours":26.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.361542787543108,"endHours":27.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.361542787543108,"endHours":28.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.361542787543108,"endHours":29.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.361542787543108,"endHours":30.361542787543108,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.9379237382395935,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":24.1148}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 2018 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 2018 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2018-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T04:44:39.807Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T04:44:39.807Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T04:44:39.807Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}