{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2017-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457871.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869406.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.8967,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":33.4089,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":19.5123,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.5123},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":33.4089,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7422},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.3056},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457871.770833,"ahargana":1869406.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.095,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.861581000000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":35.58898099999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4715},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":40.224981000000014,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":1.2972809999999981,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":171.25638099999992,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":335.43968100000006,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":243.14838099999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":129.8596,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":309.8596,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457871.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869406.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.8967,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":33.4089,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":19.5123,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.5123},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":33.4089,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7422},"yoga":{"number":4,"name":"Saubhāgya","sum_longitude":47.3056},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.471,"elongation":19.512},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.471,"opposition_distance":160.488}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:10","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.698997410423479,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 41 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 18 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:30","moonsetLocal":"20:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.921532487773403,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683656516682207,"endHours":17.27103119298514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.746783135167534,"endHours":9.334157811470469,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:07","end":"09:33","startHours":9.122507854630078,"endHours":9.54580776831086,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:41","end":"07:02","startHours":6.688533350965577,"endHours":7.027173281910203,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.085607250395555,"endHours":12.93220707775712,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:19","startHours":4.466208804141468,"endHours":5.312808631503033,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:06","end":"06:10","startHours":5.101158674662642,"endHours":6.159408458864599,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.62540673248025,"endHours":15.472006559841816,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.658405869288078,"endHours":19.058405869288077,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:23","startHours":18.858405869288077,"endHours":19.387530761389055,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.608405869288077,"endHours":20.358405869288077,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.085607250395555,"endHours":24.93220707775712,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:10","end":"07:45","startHours":6.159408458864599,"endHours":7.746783135167534,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:45","end":"09:20","startHours":7.746783135167534,"endHours":9.334157811470469,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:20","end":"10:55","startHours":9.334157811470469,"endHours":10.921532487773403,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:55","end":"12:31","startHours":10.921532487773403,"endHours":12.508907164076337,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.508907164076337,"endHours":14.096281840379273,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.096281840379273,"endHours":15.683656516682207,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683656516682207,"endHours":17.27103119298514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.27103119298514,"endHours":18.858405869288077,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:52","end":"20:16","startHours":18.858405869288077,"endHours":20.27103119298514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.27103119298514,"endHours":21.68365651668221,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.68365651668221,"endHours":23.096281840379273,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.096281840379273,"endHours":24.508907164076337,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:31","end":"01:55","startHours":24.508907164076337,"endHours":25.921532487773405,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:55","end":"03:20","startHours":25.921532487773405,"endHours":27.33415781147047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:20","end":"04:45","startHours":27.33415781147047,"endHours":28.746783135167533,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:45","end":"06:10","startHours":28.746783135167533,"endHours":30.159408458864597,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:10","end":"07:10","startHours":6.159408458864599,"endHours":7.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:10","end":"08:10","startHours":7.159408458864599,"endHours":8.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:10","end":"09:10","startHours":8.159408458864599,"endHours":9.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:10","end":"10:10","startHours":9.159408458864599,"endHours":10.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:10","end":"11:10","startHours":10.159408458864599,"endHours":11.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:10","end":"12:10","startHours":11.159408458864599,"endHours":12.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:10","end":"13:10","startHours":12.159408458864599,"endHours":13.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:10","end":"14:10","startHours":13.159408458864599,"endHours":14.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:10","end":"15:10","startHours":14.159408458864599,"endHours":15.159408458864599,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:10","end":"16:10","startHours":15.159408458864599,"endHours":16.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:10","end":"17:10","startHours":16.159408458864597,"endHours":17.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:10","end":"18:10","startHours":17.159408458864597,"endHours":18.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:10","end":"19:10","startHours":18.159408458864597,"endHours":19.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:10","end":"20:10","startHours":19.159408458864597,"endHours":20.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:10","end":"21:10","startHours":20.159408458864597,"endHours":21.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:10","end":"22:10","startHours":21.159408458864597,"endHours":22.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:10","end":"23:10","startHours":22.159408458864597,"endHours":23.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:10","end":"00:10","startHours":23.159408458864597,"endHours":24.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:10","end":"01:10","startHours":24.159408458864597,"endHours":25.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:10","end":"02:10","startHours":25.159408458864597,"endHours":26.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:10","end":"03:10","startHours":26.159408458864597,"endHours":27.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:10","end":"04:10","startHours":27.159408458864597,"endHours":28.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:10","end":"05:10","startHours":28.159408458864597,"endHours":29.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:10","end":"06:10","startHours":29.159408458864597,"endHours":30.159408458864597,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.160026517474714,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":24.095}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2017 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2017 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:10, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2017-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:52:21.846Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:52:21.846Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T05:52:21.846Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}