{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2016-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457750.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869285.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.3323,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":237.7644,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":345.4322,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.4322},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":237.7644,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0978},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":130.0967},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457750.770833,"ahargana":1869285.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0903,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.64120400000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":238.81080399999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4096},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":312.193904,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":254.16040399999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":176.105904,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":298.833304,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":236.63590399999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.2707,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.2707,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457750.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869285.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.3323,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":237.7644,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":29,"name":"Caturdaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī","elongation_degrees":345.4322,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.4322},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":237.7644,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.0978},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":130.0967},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":57,"name":"Śakuni"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.41,"elongation":14.568},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.41,"opposition_distance":165.432}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:01","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":11.13865882429724,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:07","moonsetLocal":"17:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:35","end":"13:58","startHours":12.581898407738123,"endHours":13.974230760775278,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:24","end":"09:48","startHours":8.404901348626657,"endHours":9.797233701663812,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:11","end":"12:35","startHours":11.189566054700968,"endHours":12.581898407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:59","startHours":9.611589387925525,"endHours":9.9828780154021,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:29","end":"07:46","startHours":7.47667977993522,"endHours":7.77371068191648,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"12:57","startHours":12.210609780261548,"endHours":12.953187035214698,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:32","end":"06:16","startHours":5.527414485683204,"endHours":6.269991740636353,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:05","end":"07:01","startHours":6.0843474268980655,"endHours":7.012568995589502,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:11","startHours":14.438341545120995,"endHours":15.180918800074144,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.951227819886743,"endHours":18.35122781988674,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.151227819886742,"endHours":18.61533860423246,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.901227819886742,"endHours":19.651227819886742,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"00:57","startHours":24.21060978026155,"endHours":24.953187035214697,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:01","end":"08:24","startHours":7.012568995589502,"endHours":8.404901348626657,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:24","end":"09:48","startHours":8.404901348626657,"endHours":9.797233701663812,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:48","end":"11:11","startHours":9.797233701663812,"endHours":11.189566054700968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:11","end":"12:35","startHours":11.189566054700968,"endHours":12.581898407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:35","end":"13:58","startHours":12.581898407738123,"endHours":13.974230760775278,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:58","end":"15:22","startHours":13.974230760775278,"endHours":15.366563113812433,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:22","end":"16:46","startHours":15.366563113812433,"endHours":16.758895466849587,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:46","end":"18:09","startHours":16.758895466849587,"endHours":18.151227819886742,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:09","end":"19:46","startHours":18.151227819886742,"endHours":19.758895466849587,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:46","end":"21:22","startHours":19.758895466849587,"endHours":21.366563113812433,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:22","end":"22:58","startHours":21.366563113812433,"endHours":22.974230760775278,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:58","end":"00:35","startHours":22.974230760775278,"endHours":24.581898407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:35","end":"02:11","startHours":24.581898407738123,"endHours":26.18956605470097,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:11","end":"03:48","startHours":26.18956605470097,"endHours":27.797233701663814,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:48","end":"05:24","startHours":27.797233701663814,"endHours":29.40490134862666,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:24","end":"07:01","startHours":29.40490134862666,"endHours":31.012568995589504,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.012568995589502,"endHours":8.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.012568995589502,"endHours":9.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.012568995589502,"endHours":10.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.012568995589502,"endHours":11.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.012568995589502,"endHours":12.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.012568995589502,"endHours":13.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.012568995589502,"endHours":14.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.012568995589502,"endHours":15.012568995589502,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.012568995589502,"endHours":16.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.012568995589504,"endHours":17.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.012568995589504,"endHours":18.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.012568995589504,"endHours":19.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.012568995589504,"endHours":20.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.012568995589504,"endHours":21.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.012568995589504,"endHours":22.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.012568995589504,"endHours":23.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.012568995589504,"endHours":24.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.012568995589504,"endHours":25.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.012568995589504,"endHours":26.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.012568995589504,"endHours":27.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.012568995589504,"endHours":28.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.012568995589504,"endHours":29.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.012568995589504,"endHours":30.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":30.012568995589504,"endHours":31.012568995589504,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.265389808457904,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.0903}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5},{"id":"masika-shivaratri","name":"Māsika Śivarātri","name_sanskrit":"मासिक शिवरात्रि","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Monthly Śiva observance.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":29,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2016 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2016 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Caturdaśī, sūryodaya 07:01, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2016-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:50:38.439Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T04:50:38.439Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T04:50:38.439Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}