{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2013-12-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-12-28","date_display":"December 28, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456654.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868189.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.1023,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":194.5387,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":302.4365,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4365},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":194.5387,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8721},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":86.641},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456654.770833,"ahargana":1868189.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0484,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.40598,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":192.17228,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.0154},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":165.59248000000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":251.52157999999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":81.95398,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":273.95168,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":205.67827999999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":194.3421,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":14.3421,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":12,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456654.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868189.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":252.1023,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":194.5387,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":302.4365,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4365},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":194.5387,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8721},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":86.641},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.015,"elongation":57.564},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.015,"opposition_distance":122.436}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:01","sunsetLocal":"18:09","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":11.138014580420304,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:48","moonsetLocal":"14:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:48","end":"11:11","startHours":9.797394762633047,"endHours":11.189646585185585,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:58","end":"15:22","startHours":13.974150230290661,"endHours":15.366402052843199,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:01","end":"08:24","startHours":7.012891117527971,"endHours":8.405142940080509,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:37","end":"09:59","startHours":9.611761186292709,"endHours":9.983028338973385,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:29","end":"07:46","startHours":7.476975058378817,"endHours":7.773988780523358,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"12:57","startHours":12.210631255057447,"endHours":12.9531655604188,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:32","end":"06:16","startHours":5.527822506805264,"endHours":6.270356812166618,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:05","end":"07:01","startHours":6.084723235826279,"endHours":7.012891117527971,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:26","end":"15:11","startHours":14.438234171141506,"endHours":15.180768476502859,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:57","end":"18:21","startHours":17.950905697948276,"endHours":18.350905697948274,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:09","end":"18:37","startHours":18.150905697948275,"endHours":18.61498963879912,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:54","end":"19:39","startHours":17.900905697948275,"endHours":19.650905697948275,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"00:57","startHours":24.210631255057447,"endHours":24.9531655604188,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:01","end":"08:24","startHours":7.012891117527971,"endHours":8.405142940080509,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:24","end":"09:48","startHours":8.405142940080509,"endHours":9.797394762633047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:48","end":"11:11","startHours":9.797394762633047,"endHours":11.189646585185585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:11","end":"12:35","startHours":11.189646585185585,"endHours":12.581898407738123,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:35","end":"13:58","startHours":12.581898407738123,"endHours":13.974150230290661,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:58","end":"15:22","startHours":13.974150230290661,"endHours":15.366402052843199,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:22","end":"16:46","startHours":15.366402052843199,"endHours":16.758653875395737,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:46","end":"18:09","startHours":16.758653875395737,"endHours":18.150905697948275,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:09","end":"19:46","startHours":18.150905697948275,"endHours":19.758653875395737,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:46","end":"21:22","startHours":19.758653875395737,"endHours":21.3664020528432,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:22","end":"22:58","startHours":21.3664020528432,"endHours":22.97415023029066,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:58","end":"00:35","startHours":22.97415023029066,"endHours":24.581898407738123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:35","end":"02:11","startHours":24.581898407738123,"endHours":26.189646585185585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:11","end":"03:48","startHours":26.189646585185585,"endHours":27.797394762633047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:48","end":"05:24","startHours":27.797394762633047,"endHours":29.40514294008051,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:24","end":"07:01","startHours":29.40514294008051,"endHours":31.01289111752797,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:01","end":"08:01","startHours":7.012891117527971,"endHours":8.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:01","end":"09:01","startHours":8.012891117527971,"endHours":9.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:01","end":"10:01","startHours":9.012891117527971,"endHours":10.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:01","end":"11:01","startHours":10.012891117527971,"endHours":11.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:01","end":"12:01","startHours":11.012891117527971,"endHours":12.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:01","end":"13:01","startHours":12.012891117527971,"endHours":13.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:01","end":"14:01","startHours":13.012891117527971,"endHours":14.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:01","end":"15:01","startHours":14.012891117527971,"endHours":15.012891117527971,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:01","end":"16:01","startHours":15.012891117527971,"endHours":16.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:01","end":"17:01","startHours":16.01289111752797,"endHours":17.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:01","end":"18:01","startHours":17.01289111752797,"endHours":18.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:01","end":"19:01","startHours":18.01289111752797,"endHours":19.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:01","end":"20:01","startHours":19.01289111752797,"endHours":20.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:01","end":"21:01","startHours":20.01289111752797,"endHours":21.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:01","end":"22:01","startHours":21.01289111752797,"endHours":22.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:01","end":"23:01","startHours":22.01289111752797,"endHours":23.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:01","end":"00:01","startHours":23.01289111752797,"endHours":24.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:01","end":"01:01","startHours":24.01289111752797,"endHours":25.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:01","end":"02:01","startHours":25.01289111752797,"endHours":26.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:01","end":"03:01","startHours":26.01289111752797,"endHours":27.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:01","end":"04:01","startHours":27.01289111752797,"endHours":28.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:01","end":"05:01","startHours":28.01289111752797,"endHours":29.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:01","end":"06:01","startHours":29.01289111752797,"endHours":30.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:01","end":"07:01","startHours":30.01289111752797,"endHours":31.01289111752797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.279165655464897,"eotMinutes":-1.8871044642874448,"ayanamsa":24.0484}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 28, 2013 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 28, 2013 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 07:01, sūryāsta 18:09.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2013-12-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:09:59.733Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:09:59.733Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T08:09:59.733Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}