{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2012-04-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-04-21","date_display":"April 21, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456038.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867573.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3948,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.473,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.0782,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0782},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.473,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.473},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":12.8678},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456038.770833,"ahargana":1867573.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0249,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.317715000000021,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":4.473214999999982,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.9805},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":129.74041499999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":339.842615,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":23.629815000000008,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":50.205915000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":181.50931500000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":226.9807,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":46.9807,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":4,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456038.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867573.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":7.3948,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.473,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.0782,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.0782},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.473,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.473},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":12.8678},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.981,"elongation":1.922},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.981,"opposition_distance":178.078}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:14","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":12.603950111370391,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 36 Mins 14 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 23 Mins 46 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:05","moonsetLocal":"18:36","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:23","end":"10:57","startHours":9.3796703248047,"endHours":10.955164088725997,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.106151616568596,"endHours":15.681645380489893,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:14","end":"07:48","startHours":6.228682796962101,"endHours":7.8041765608834,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:35","startHours":9.169604489615192,"endHours":9.589736159994205,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.753847384935867,"endHours":7.089952721239078,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:57","startHours":12.110526182268284,"endHours":12.950789523026309,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:33","end":"05:23","startHours":4.548156115446049,"endHours":5.388419456204074,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:11","end":"06:14","startHours":5.178353621014568,"endHours":6.228682796962101,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.631316204542362,"endHours":15.471579545300388,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.632632908332493,"endHours":19.03263290833249,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:21","startHours":18.832632908332492,"endHours":19.357797496306258,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.582632908332492,"endHours":20.332632908332492,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:57","startHours":24.11052618226828,"endHours":24.95078952302631,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:14","end":"07:48","startHours":6.228682796962101,"endHours":7.8041765608834,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:48","end":"09:23","startHours":7.8041765608834,"endHours":9.3796703248047,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:23","end":"10:57","startHours":9.3796703248047,"endHours":10.955164088725997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:57","end":"12:32","startHours":10.955164088725997,"endHours":12.530657852647296,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:32","end":"14:06","startHours":12.530657852647296,"endHours":14.106151616568596,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.106151616568596,"endHours":15.681645380489893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.681645380489893,"endHours":17.25713914441119,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"18:50","startHours":17.25713914441119,"endHours":18.832632908332492,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:50","end":"20:15","startHours":18.832632908332492,"endHours":20.257139144411195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:15","end":"21:41","startHours":20.257139144411195,"endHours":21.681645380489893,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.681645380489893,"endHours":23.106151616568596,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:06","end":"00:32","startHours":23.106151616568596,"endHours":24.530657852647295,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:32","end":"01:57","startHours":24.530657852647295,"endHours":25.955164088725997,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:57","end":"03:23","startHours":25.955164088725997,"endHours":27.3796703248047,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:23","end":"04:48","startHours":27.3796703248047,"endHours":28.8041765608834,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:48","end":"06:14","startHours":28.8041765608834,"endHours":30.2286827969621,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:14","end":"07:14","startHours":6.228682796962101,"endHours":7.228682796962101,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:14","end":"08:14","startHours":7.228682796962101,"endHours":8.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:14","end":"09:14","startHours":8.2286827969621,"endHours":9.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:14","end":"10:14","startHours":9.2286827969621,"endHours":10.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:14","end":"11:14","startHours":10.2286827969621,"endHours":11.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:14","end":"12:14","startHours":11.2286827969621,"endHours":12.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:14","end":"13:14","startHours":12.2286827969621,"endHours":13.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:14","end":"14:14","startHours":13.2286827969621,"endHours":14.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:14","end":"15:14","startHours":14.2286827969621,"endHours":15.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:14","end":"16:14","startHours":15.2286827969621,"endHours":16.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:14","end":"17:14","startHours":16.2286827969621,"endHours":17.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:14","end":"18:14","startHours":17.2286827969621,"endHours":18.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:14","end":"19:14","startHours":18.2286827969621,"endHours":19.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:14","end":"20:14","startHours":19.2286827969621,"endHours":20.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:14","end":"21:14","startHours":20.2286827969621,"endHours":21.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:14","end":"22:14","startHours":21.2286827969621,"endHours":22.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:14","end":"23:14","startHours":22.2286827969621,"endHours":23.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:14","end":"00:14","startHours":23.2286827969621,"endHours":24.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:14","end":"01:14","startHours":24.2286827969621,"endHours":25.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:14","end":"02:14","startHours":25.2286827969621,"endHours":26.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:14","end":"03:14","startHours":26.2286827969621,"endHours":27.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:14","end":"04:14","startHours":27.2286827969621,"endHours":28.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:14","end":"05:14","startHours":28.2286827969621,"endHours":29.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:14","end":"06:14","startHours":29.2286827969621,"endHours":30.2286827969621,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":11.939710849356358,"eotMinutes":1.1873288411622274,"ayanamsa":24.0249}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 21, 2012 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 21, 2012 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:14, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2012-04-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T01:58:16.143Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T01:58:16.143Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T01:58:16.143Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}