{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2008-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2008-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 2008 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2008,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454767.770833,"kali_year":5110,"ahargana":1866302.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.2956,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":180.8393,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.5437,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5437},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":180.8393,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.506},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":11.1349},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2008,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454767.770833,"ahargana":1866302.2708,"kali_year":5110,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9763,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":191.01527699999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":180.44287699999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.1266},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":202.25577700000008,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":174.06097699999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":262.817277,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":227.15457700000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":144.05267700000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":294.3244,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":114.3244,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2008,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2454767.770833,"kali_year":5110,"ahargana":1866302.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.2956,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":180.8393,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":350.5437,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5437},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":180.8393,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.506},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":11.1349},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.127,"elongation":9.456},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.127,"opposition_distance":170.544}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.581814123948632,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 34 Mins 55 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 25 Mins 05 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:43","moonsetLocal":"17:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:10","end":"16:37","startHours":15.172506935328968,"endHours":16.620233700822546,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.381599873354652,"endHours":10.82932663884823,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:43","startHours":12.27705340434181,"endHours":13.724780169835388,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:34","startHours":9.188569637955506,"endHours":9.574630108753794,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:58","end":"07:17","startHours":6.968721930865353,"endHours":7.277570307503983,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:40","startHours":11.890992933543522,"endHours":12.663113875140098,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:57","end":"05:43","startHours":4.941904459174342,"endHours":5.714025400770918,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:31","end":"06:29","startHours":5.520995165371774,"endHours":6.486146342367493,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:12","end":"14:59","startHours":14.207355758333248,"endHours":14.979476699929824,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:52","end":"18:16","startHours":17.867960466316127,"endHours":18.267960466316126,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:04","end":"18:33","startHours":18.067960466316126,"endHours":18.550536054813985,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:49","end":"19:34","startHours":17.817960466316126,"endHours":19.567960466316126,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:40","startHours":23.890992933543522,"endHours":24.6631138751401,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:29","end":"07:56","startHours":6.486146342367493,"endHours":7.933873107861072,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:56","end":"09:23","startHours":7.933873107861072,"endHours":9.381599873354652,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.381599873354652,"endHours":10.82932663884823,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.82932663884823,"endHours":12.27705340434181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:17","end":"13:43","startHours":12.27705340434181,"endHours":13.724780169835388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:43","end":"15:10","startHours":13.724780169835388,"endHours":15.172506935328968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:10","end":"16:37","startHours":15.172506935328968,"endHours":16.620233700822546,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:37","end":"18:04","startHours":16.620233700822546,"endHours":18.067960466316126,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:04","end":"19:37","startHours":18.067960466316126,"endHours":19.620233700822546,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:37","end":"21:10","startHours":19.620233700822546,"endHours":21.17250693532897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:10","end":"22:43","startHours":21.17250693532897,"endHours":22.72478016983539,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:43","end":"00:17","startHours":22.72478016983539,"endHours":24.27705340434181,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.27705340434181,"endHours":25.82932663884823,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:50","end":"03:23","startHours":25.82932663884823,"endHours":27.381599873354652,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:23","end":"04:56","startHours":27.381599873354652,"endHours":28.933873107861075,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:56","end":"06:29","startHours":28.933873107861075,"endHours":30.486146342367494,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.486146342367493,"endHours":7.486146342367493,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.486146342367493,"endHours":8.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.486146342367494,"endHours":9.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.486146342367494,"endHours":10.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.486146342367494,"endHours":11.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.486146342367494,"endHours":12.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.486146342367494,"endHours":13.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.486146342367494,"endHours":14.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.486146342367494,"endHours":15.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.486146342367494,"endHours":16.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.486146342367494,"endHours":17.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.486146342367494,"endHours":18.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.486146342367494,"endHours":19.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.486146342367494,"endHours":20.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.486146342367494,"endHours":21.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.486146342367494,"endHours":22.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.486146342367494,"endHours":23.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.486146342367494,"endHours":24.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.486146342367494,"endHours":25.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.486146342367494,"endHours":26.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.486146342367494,"endHours":27.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.486146342367494,"endHours":28.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.486146342367494,"endHours":29.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.486146342367494,"endHours":30.486146342367494,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-13.184181394630077,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":23.9763}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2065,"vikram_samvatsara":"Plava","saka_samvat":1930,"saka_samvatsara":"Sarvadhāri","bengali_samvat":1415,"malayalam_era":1184,"nanakshahi_year":539,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2065 Plava · Śaka 1930 Sarvadhāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"diwali","name":"Dīpāvalī (Diwali)","name_sanskrit":"दीपावली","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Lakshmi-Mata","significance":"Lakshmi-Pūjā night; festival of lights; Rāma's return to Ayodhyā.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":30,"lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":1},{"id":"lakshmi-puja","name":"Lakṣmī Pūjā (Diwali main day)","name_sanskrit":"लक्ष्मी पूजा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Mahā-Lakṣmī","significance":"Mahā-Lakṣmī Pūjā on Kārtika Amāvasyā; Diwali main day.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Pradoṣa-time Lakṣmī-pūjā in cleaned home; deepa-mālā lighting.","detection":{"tithi_number":30,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":1},{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 2008 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 2008 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2008-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T00:08:49.976Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T00:08:49.976Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T00:08:49.976Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}