{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2002-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.264,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.7884,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.5244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5244},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.7884,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7884},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":104.0524},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.889,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.79902800000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":358.532028,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6574},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":107.25362799999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":114.46542800000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":95.64542800000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":148.314528,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.81232799999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":55.1828,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":235.1828,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452486.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864021.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.264,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":0.7884,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.5244,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.5244},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":0.7884,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7884},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":104.0524},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.657,"elongation":102.476},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.657,"opposition_distance":77.524}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.884386511393465,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 04 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 56 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:25","moonsetLocal":"11:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262184555796697,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.819991300099963,"endHours":9.430539614024145,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.041087927948329,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.215799838834254,"endHours":9.645279389214037,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.746292424150507,"endHours":7.089876064454333,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222156691492732,"endHours":13.081115792252294,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.491524784656651,"endHours":5.350483885416215,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:13","startHours":5.135744110226324,"endHours":6.209442986175779,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:39","startHours":14.799033993771424,"endHours":15.657993094530989,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.893829497569246,"endHours":19.293829497569245,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.093829497569246,"endHours":19.630678935543973,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.843829497569246,"endHours":20.593829497569246,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.22215669149273,"endHours":25.081115792252294,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.209442986175779,"endHours":7.819991300099963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.819991300099963,"endHours":9.430539614024145,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.430539614024145,"endHours":11.041087927948329,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.041087927948329,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262184555796697,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262184555796697,"endHours":15.872732869720878,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.872732869720878,"endHours":17.48328118364506,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.48328118364506,"endHours":19.093829497569246,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.093829497569246,"endHours":20.48328118364506,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.48328118364506,"endHours":21.872732869720878,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.872732869720878,"endHours":23.262184555796697,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.262184555796697,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.04108792794833,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.04108792794833,"endHours":27.43053961402415,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.43053961402415,"endHours":28.819991300099964,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:49","end":"06:13","startHours":28.819991300099964,"endHours":30.20944298617578,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.209442986175779,"endHours":7.209442986175779,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.209442986175779,"endHours":8.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.20944298617578,"endHours":9.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.20944298617578,"endHours":10.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.20944298617578,"endHours":11.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.20944298617578,"endHours":12.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.20944298617578,"endHours":13.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.20944298617578,"endHours":14.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.20944298617578,"endHours":15.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.20944298617578,"endHours":16.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.20944298617578,"endHours":17.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.20944298617578,"endHours":18.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.20944298617578,"endHours":19.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.20944298617578,"endHours":20.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.20944298617578,"endHours":21.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.20944298617578,"endHours":22.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.20944298617578,"endHours":23.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.20944298617578,"endHours":24.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.20944298617578,"endHours":25.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.20944298617578,"endHours":26.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.20944298617578,"endHours":27.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.20944298617578,"endHours":28.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.20944298617578,"endHours":29.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.20944298617578,"endHours":30.20944298617578,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.345486654082453,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.889}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 2002 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 2002 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2002-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:25:12.720Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:25:12.720Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T15:25:12.720Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}