{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2001-01-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-31","date_display":"January 31, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451940.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863475.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.372,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9658,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":75.5938,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5938},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":2.9658,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9658},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":290.3378},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451940.770833,"ahargana":1863475.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8681,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.36348899999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":359.014189,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4463},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":208.14328899999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":305.415389,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":37.34108900000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":333.6992889999999,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.137989000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.1125,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.1125,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451940.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863475.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":287.372,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":2.9658,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":75.5938,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5938},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":2.9658,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.9658},"yoga":{"number":22,"name":"Sādhya","sum_longitude":290.3378},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":12,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.446,"elongation":75.594},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.446,"opposition_distance":104.406}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:04","sunsetLocal":"18:29","solarNoonLocal":"12:47","dayLengthHours":11.402234933103644,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 08 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 52 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:20","moonsetLocal":"23:46","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:47","end":"14:12","startHours":12.775939809030703,"endHours":14.201219175668658,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:30","end":"09:56","startHours":8.500101709116835,"endHours":9.92538107575479,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:21","end":"12:47","startHours":11.350660442392748,"endHours":12.775939809030703,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:07","startHours":9.73534382686973,"endHours":10.115418324639851,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:33","end":"07:51","startHours":7.549915464691532,"endHours":7.8539750629076295,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:24","end":"13:09","startHours":12.39586531126058,"endHours":13.156014306800822,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:33","end":"06:19","startHours":5.554524351398394,"endHours":6.314673346938637,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:07","end":"07:04","startHours":6.124636098053577,"endHours":7.07482234247888,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:26","startHours":14.67631229788131,"endHours":15.436461293421553,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:17","end":"18:41","startHours":18.277057275582525,"endHours":18.677057275582523,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:29","end":"18:57","startHours":18.477057275582524,"endHours":18.952150397795176,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:14","end":"19:59","startHours":18.227057275582524,"endHours":19.977057275582524,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:24","end":"01:09","startHours":24.395865311260582,"endHours":25.156014306800824,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"07:04","end":"08:30","startHours":7.07482234247888,"endHours":8.500101709116835,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:30","end":"09:56","startHours":8.500101709116835,"endHours":9.92538107575479,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:56","end":"11:21","startHours":9.92538107575479,"endHours":11.350660442392748,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:21","end":"12:47","startHours":11.350660442392748,"endHours":12.775939809030703,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:47","end":"14:12","startHours":12.775939809030703,"endHours":14.201219175668658,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:12","end":"15:38","startHours":14.201219175668658,"endHours":15.626498542306614,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:38","end":"17:03","startHours":15.626498542306614,"endHours":17.05177790894457,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:03","end":"18:29","startHours":17.05177790894457,"endHours":18.477057275582524,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:29","end":"20:03","startHours":18.477057275582524,"endHours":20.05177790894457,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:03","end":"21:38","startHours":20.05177790894457,"endHours":21.626498542306614,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:38","end":"23:12","startHours":21.626498542306614,"endHours":23.20121917566866,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:12","end":"00:47","startHours":23.20121917566866,"endHours":24.775939809030703,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:47","end":"02:21","startHours":24.775939809030703,"endHours":26.350660442392748,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:21","end":"03:56","startHours":26.350660442392748,"endHours":27.925381075754792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:56","end":"05:30","startHours":27.925381075754792,"endHours":29.500101709116834,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:30","end":"07:04","startHours":29.500101709116834,"endHours":31.074822342478882,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.07482234247888,"endHours":8.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.07482234247888,"endHours":9.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.07482234247888,"endHours":10.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.07482234247888,"endHours":11.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.07482234247888,"endHours":12.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.07482234247888,"endHours":13.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.07482234247888,"endHours":14.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.07482234247888,"endHours":15.07482234247888,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.07482234247888,"endHours":16.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.074822342478882,"endHours":17.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.074822342478882,"endHours":18.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.074822342478882,"endHours":19.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.074822342478882,"endHours":20.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.074822342478882,"endHours":21.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.074822342478882,"endHours":22.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.074822342478882,"endHours":23.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.074822342478882,"endHours":24.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.074822342478882,"endHours":25.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.074822342478882,"endHours":26.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.074822342478882,"endHours":27.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.074822342478882,"endHours":28.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.074822342478882,"endHours":29.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":29.074822342478882,"endHours":30.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":30.074822342478882,"endHours":31.074822342478882,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-17.404476684002205,"eotMinutes":-13.52958854184206,"ayanamsa":23.8681}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 31, 2001 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 31, 2001 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 07:04, sūryāsta 18:29.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2001-01-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:23:28.158Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:23:28.158Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T14:23:28.158Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}