{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2000-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451909.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863444.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.5605,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.1436,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":61.5831,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5831},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.1436,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4769},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":212.7041},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451909.770833,"ahargana":1863444.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.867,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.80427299999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":313.267473,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.5149},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":190.47817299999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":258.892373,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":38.37057299999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":302.0365730000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.668772999999987,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":85.755,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":265.755,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451909.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863444.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.5605,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.1436,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":6,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":61.5831,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.5831},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.1436,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4769},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":212.7041},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":10,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.515,"elongation":61.583},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.515,"opposition_distance":118.417}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:02","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:36","dayLengthHours":11.147130694800431,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 08 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 51 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:34","moonsetLocal":"22:18","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.78489125928025,"endHours":18.178282596130305,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.998108585580145,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.391499922430198,"endHours":16.78489125928025,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:00","startHours":9.632149063449976,"endHours":10.00372008660999,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:30","end":"07:48","startHours":7.495615680279892,"endHours":7.7928724988079034,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:14","end":"12:59","startHours":12.233146225570076,"endHours":12.976288271890104,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:33","end":"06:17","startHours":5.544867808689816,"endHours":6.288009855009846,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:06","end":"07:02","startHours":6.102224343429838,"endHours":7.031151901329874,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:28","end":"15:12","startHours":14.462572364530162,"endHours":15.205714410850192,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.978282596130306,"endHours":18.378282596130305,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:39","startHours":18.178282596130305,"endHours":18.642746375080325,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.928282596130305,"endHours":19.678282596130305,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:14","end":"00:59","startHours":24.233146225570074,"endHours":24.976288271890105,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:02","end":"08:25","startHours":7.031151901329874,"endHours":8.424543238179929,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:25","end":"09:49","startHours":8.424543238179929,"endHours":9.817934575029982,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:49","end":"11:13","startHours":9.817934575029982,"endHours":11.211325911880035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:13","end":"12:36","startHours":11.211325911880035,"endHours":12.60471724873009,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:36","end":"14:00","startHours":12.60471724873009,"endHours":13.998108585580145,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:00","end":"15:23","startHours":13.998108585580145,"endHours":15.391499922430198,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:23","end":"16:47","startHours":15.391499922430198,"endHours":16.78489125928025,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:47","end":"18:11","startHours":16.78489125928025,"endHours":18.178282596130305,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:11","end":"19:47","startHours":18.178282596130305,"endHours":19.78489125928025,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:47","end":"21:23","startHours":19.78489125928025,"endHours":21.3914999224302,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:23","end":"23:00","startHours":21.3914999224302,"endHours":22.998108585580145,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:00","end":"00:36","startHours":22.998108585580145,"endHours":24.60471724873009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:36","end":"02:13","startHours":24.60471724873009,"endHours":26.211325911880035,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:13","end":"03:49","startHours":26.211325911880035,"endHours":27.81793457502998,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:49","end":"05:25","startHours":27.81793457502998,"endHours":29.42454323817993,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:25","end":"07:02","startHours":29.42454323817993,"endHours":31.031151901329874,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:02","end":"08:02","startHours":7.031151901329874,"endHours":8.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:02","end":"09:02","startHours":8.031151901329874,"endHours":9.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:02","end":"10:02","startHours":9.031151901329874,"endHours":10.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:02","end":"11:02","startHours":10.031151901329874,"endHours":11.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:02","end":"12:02","startHours":11.031151901329874,"endHours":12.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:02","end":"13:02","startHours":12.031151901329874,"endHours":13.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:02","end":"14:02","startHours":13.031151901329874,"endHours":14.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:02","end":"15:02","startHours":14.031151901329874,"endHours":15.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:02","end":"16:02","startHours":15.031151901329874,"endHours":16.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:02","end":"17:02","startHours":16.031151901329874,"endHours":17.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:02","end":"18:02","startHours":17.031151901329874,"endHours":18.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:02","end":"19:02","startHours":18.031151901329874,"endHours":19.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:02","end":"20:02","startHours":19.031151901329874,"endHours":20.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:02","end":"21:02","startHours":20.031151901329874,"endHours":21.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:02","end":"22:02","startHours":21.031151901329874,"endHours":22.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:02","end":"23:02","startHours":22.031151901329874,"endHours":23.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:02","end":"00:02","startHours":23.031151901329874,"endHours":24.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:02","end":"01:02","startHours":24.031151901329874,"endHours":25.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:02","end":"02:02","startHours":25.031151901329874,"endHours":26.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:02","end":"03:02","startHours":26.031151901329874,"endHours":27.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:02","end":"04:02","startHours":27.031151901329874,"endHours":28.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:02","end":"05:02","startHours":28.031151901329874,"endHours":29.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:02","end":"06:02","startHours":29.031151901329874,"endHours":30.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:02","end":"07:02","startHours":30.031151901329874,"endHours":31.031151901329874,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mātaṇga","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.083973725932683,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.867}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2000 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2000 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 07:02, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T21:11:17.436Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T21:11:17.436Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T21:11:17.436Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}