{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:2000-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451753.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863288.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.9056,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1875,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":319.2819,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2819},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.1875,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8541},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":161.0931},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451753.770833,"ahargana":1863288.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.861,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.420634,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":58.33073400000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5037},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":93.49023399999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":81.61393399999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":41.396033999999986,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":114.23463400000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":35.22353399999997,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":94.0206,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":274.0206,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451753.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863288.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.9056,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1875,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":319.2819,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2819},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":60.1875,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.8541},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":161.0931},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":53,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.504,"elongation":40.718},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.504,"opposition_distance":139.282}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":3,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.753,"elongation":0.251}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.911777183827741,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:15","moonsetLocal":"16:19","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.039313729961552,"endHours":12.65328587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:53","end":"17:30","startHours":15.881230173896956,"endHours":17.495202321875425,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.811369434004616,"endHours":9.425341581983083,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:38","startHours":9.210145295585955,"endHours":9.640537868380214,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:05","startHours":6.735388002018972,"endHours":7.0797020602543785,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222893305145762,"endHours":13.083678450734277,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:20","startHours":4.4758269948491165,"endHours":5.336612140437633,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:12","startHours":5.121415854040504,"endHours":6.197397286026149,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.80524874191131,"endHours":15.666033887499825,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:55","end":"19:19","startHours":18.90917446985389,"endHours":19.30917446985389,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:07","end":"19:39","startHours":19.10917446985389,"endHours":19.647165185846713,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:37","startHours":18.85917446985389,"endHours":20.60917446985389,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.222893305145764,"endHours":25.08367845073428,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.197397286026149,"endHours":7.811369434004616,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.811369434004616,"endHours":9.425341581983083,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.425341581983083,"endHours":11.039313729961552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.039313729961552,"endHours":12.65328587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.65328587794002,"endHours":14.267258025918487,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:16","end":"15:53","startHours":14.267258025918487,"endHours":15.881230173896956,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:53","end":"17:30","startHours":15.881230173896956,"endHours":17.495202321875425,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:30","end":"19:07","startHours":17.495202321875425,"endHours":19.10917446985389,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"19:07","end":"20:30","startHours":19.10917446985389,"endHours":20.49520232187542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:30","end":"21:53","startHours":20.49520232187542,"endHours":21.881230173896956,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:53","end":"23:16","startHours":21.881230173896956,"endHours":23.267258025918487,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.267258025918487,"endHours":24.65328587794002,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.65328587794002,"endHours":26.039313729961552,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.039313729961552,"endHours":27.425341581983083,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.425341581983083,"endHours":28.811369434004618,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.811369434004618,"endHours":30.19739728602615,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.197397286026149,"endHours":7.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.197397286026149,"endHours":8.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.197397286026149,"endHours":9.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.197397286026149,"endHours":10.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.197397286026149,"endHours":11.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.197397286026149,"endHours":12.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.197397286026149,"endHours":13.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.197397286026149,"endHours":14.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.197397286026149,"endHours":15.197397286026149,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.197397286026149,"endHours":16.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.19739728602615,"endHours":17.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.19739728602615,"endHours":18.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.19739728602615,"endHours":19.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.19739728602615,"endHours":20.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.19739728602615,"endHours":21.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.19739728602615,"endHours":22.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.19739728602615,"endHours":23.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.19739728602615,"endHours":24.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.19739728602615,"endHours":25.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.19739728602615,"endHours":26.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.19739728602615,"endHours":27.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.19739728602615,"endHours":28.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.19739728602615,"endHours":29.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.19739728602615,"endHours":30.19739728602615,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.946071976931346,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.861}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2000 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2000 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/2000-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:43:24.287Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T20:43:24.287Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T20:43:24.287Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}