{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1998-10-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-10-31","date_display":"October 31, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8367,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":193.576634,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":315.4278340000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7934},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":140.34853399999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":214.05953399999999,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":324.631934,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":193.82603399999994,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":5.669633999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":127.719,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":307.719,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":10,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451117.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862652.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8906,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":317.8839,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":124.9934,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9934},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":317.8839,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.2173},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":150.7745},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":20,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"elongation":124.993},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.793,"opposition_distance":55.007}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:30","sunsetLocal":"18:03","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.548299217008061,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 32 Mins 54 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 27 Mins 06 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:31","moonsetLocal":"02:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.389158869905849,"endHours":10.832696272031855,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:43","end":"15:10","startHours":13.719771076283871,"endHours":15.163308478409878,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:30","end":"07:57","startHours":6.502084065653833,"endHours":7.945621467779841,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:12","end":"09:35","startHours":9.196687216289046,"endHours":9.581630523522648,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:59","end":"07:17","startHours":6.983263199695835,"endHours":7.291217845482716,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:40","startHours":11.891290366924261,"endHours":12.661176981391465,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:58","end":"05:44","startHours":4.962310836719425,"endHours":5.732197451186629,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:32","end":"06:30","startHours":5.539725797569828,"endHours":6.502084065653833,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:12","end":"14:58","startHours":14.200950210325873,"endHours":14.970836824793077,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:51","end":"18:15","startHours":17.850383282661895,"endHours":18.250383282661893,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:03","end":"18:32","startHours":18.050383282661894,"endHours":18.531562416703895,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:48","end":"19:33","startHours":17.800383282661894,"endHours":19.550383282661894,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:40","startHours":23.891290366924263,"endHours":24.661176981391467,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:30","end":"07:57","startHours":6.502084065653833,"endHours":7.945621467779841,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:57","end":"09:23","startHours":7.945621467779841,"endHours":9.389158869905849,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.389158869905849,"endHours":10.832696272031855,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.832696272031855,"endHours":12.276233674157863,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:17","end":"13:43","startHours":12.276233674157863,"endHours":13.719771076283871,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:43","end":"15:10","startHours":13.719771076283871,"endHours":15.163308478409878,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:10","end":"16:36","startHours":15.163308478409878,"endHours":16.606845880535886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:36","end":"18:03","startHours":16.606845880535886,"endHours":18.050383282661894,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:03","end":"19:36","startHours":18.050383282661894,"endHours":19.606845880535886,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:36","end":"21:10","startHours":19.606845880535886,"endHours":21.163308478409878,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:10","end":"22:43","startHours":21.163308478409878,"endHours":22.71977107628387,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:43","end":"00:17","startHours":22.71977107628387,"endHours":24.276233674157865,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.276233674157865,"endHours":25.832696272031853,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:50","end":"03:23","startHours":25.832696272031853,"endHours":27.38915886990585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:23","end":"04:57","startHours":27.38915886990585,"endHours":28.94562146777984,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:57","end":"06:30","startHours":28.94562146777984,"endHours":30.502084065653833,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:30","end":"07:30","startHours":6.502084065653833,"endHours":7.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:30","end":"08:30","startHours":7.502084065653833,"endHours":8.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:30","end":"09:30","startHours":8.502084065653833,"endHours":9.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:30","end":"10:30","startHours":9.502084065653833,"endHours":10.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:30","end":"11:30","startHours":10.502084065653833,"endHours":11.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:30","end":"12:30","startHours":11.502084065653833,"endHours":12.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:30","end":"13:30","startHours":12.502084065653833,"endHours":13.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:30","end":"14:30","startHours":13.502084065653833,"endHours":14.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:30","end":"15:30","startHours":14.502084065653833,"endHours":15.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:30","end":"16:30","startHours":15.502084065653833,"endHours":16.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:30","end":"17:30","startHours":16.502084065653833,"endHours":17.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:30","end":"18:30","startHours":17.502084065653833,"endHours":18.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:30","end":"19:30","startHours":18.502084065653833,"endHours":19.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:30","end":"20:30","startHours":19.502084065653833,"endHours":20.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:30","end":"21:30","startHours":20.502084065653833,"endHours":21.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:30","end":"22:30","startHours":21.502084065653833,"endHours":22.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:30","end":"23:30","startHours":22.502084065653833,"endHours":23.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:30","end":"00:30","startHours":23.502084065653833,"endHours":24.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:30","end":"01:30","startHours":24.502084065653833,"endHours":25.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:30","end":"02:30","startHours":25.502084065653833,"endHours":26.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:30","end":"03:30","startHours":26.502084065653833,"endHours":27.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:30","end":"04:30","startHours":27.502084065653833,"endHours":28.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:30","end":"05:30","startHours":28.502084065653833,"endHours":29.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:30","end":"06:30","startHours":29.502084065653833,"endHours":30.502084065653833,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-13.983745188761247,"eotMinutes":16.45277955052819,"ayanamsa":23.8367}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"devotthana-ekadashi","name":"Devotthāna Ekādaśī (Prabodhinī)","name_sanskrit":"देवोत्थान एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu awakens; Cāturmāsya ends; weddings can resume.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":3},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5},{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 31, 1998 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 31, 1998 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:30, sūryāsta 18:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-10-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:11:36.811Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:11:36.811Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T09:11:36.811Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}