{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1998-08-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-08-23","date_display":"August 23, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451048.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862583.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.248,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.4395,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":13.1914,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1914},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.4395,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1061},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":263.6875},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451048.770833,"ahargana":1862583.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.834,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.89486999999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":136.79476999999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.5529},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":97.64057000000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":112.20916999999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":332.20577000000003,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":108.02827000000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":9.694270000000017,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":131.3749,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":311.3749,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451048.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862583.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.248,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.4395,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":13.1914,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1914},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.4395,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1061},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":263.6875},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":2,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.553,"elongation":13.191},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.553,"opposition_distance":166.809}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-1,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.467,"elongation":1.174}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"18:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":12.588133527135334,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:07","moonsetLocal":"19:31","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:19","end":"18:53","startHours":17.308806267939477,"endHours":18.882322958831395,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:35","end":"14:10","startHours":12.588256195263728,"endHours":14.161772886155646,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:44","end":"17:19","startHours":15.735289577047563,"endHours":17.308806267939477,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:14","end":"09:39","startHours":9.231420588027639,"endHours":9.65102503893215,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:49","end":"07:09","startHours":6.818694995326701,"endHours":7.15437855605031,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:10","end":"13:00","startHours":12.168651744359217,"endHours":13.00786064616824,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:37","end":"05:27","startHours":4.615771628078018,"endHours":5.45498052988704,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:18","startHours":5.245178304434784,"endHours":6.294189431696062,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:32","startHours":14.686278449786283,"endHours":15.525487351595304,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:41","end":"19:05","startHours":18.682322958831396,"endHours":19.082322958831394,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:53","end":"19:24","startHours":18.882322958831395,"endHours":19.406828522462035,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:38","end":"20:23","startHours":18.632322958831395,"endHours":20.382322958831395,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:10","end":"01:00","startHours":24.168651744359217,"endHours":25.00786064616824,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:18","end":"07:52","startHours":6.294189431696062,"endHours":7.867706122587979,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:52","end":"09:26","startHours":7.867706122587979,"endHours":9.441222813479897,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:26","end":"11:01","startHours":9.441222813479897,"endHours":11.014739504371812,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:01","end":"12:35","startHours":11.014739504371812,"endHours":12.588256195263728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:35","end":"14:10","startHours":12.588256195263728,"endHours":14.161772886155646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:10","end":"15:44","startHours":14.161772886155646,"endHours":15.735289577047563,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:44","end":"17:19","startHours":15.735289577047563,"endHours":17.308806267939477,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:19","end":"18:53","startHours":17.308806267939477,"endHours":18.882322958831395,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:53","end":"20:19","startHours":18.882322958831395,"endHours":20.308806267939477,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:19","end":"21:44","startHours":20.308806267939477,"endHours":21.73528957704756,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:44","end":"23:10","startHours":21.73528957704756,"endHours":23.161772886155646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:10","end":"00:35","startHours":23.161772886155646,"endHours":24.588256195263728,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:35","end":"02:01","startHours":24.588256195263728,"endHours":26.01473950437181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:01","end":"03:26","startHours":26.01473950437181,"endHours":27.441222813479897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:26","end":"04:52","startHours":27.441222813479897,"endHours":28.86770612258798,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:52","end":"06:18","startHours":28.86770612258798,"endHours":30.29418943169606,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.294189431696062,"endHours":7.294189431696062,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.294189431696062,"endHours":8.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.294189431696061,"endHours":9.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.294189431696061,"endHours":10.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.294189431696061,"endHours":11.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.294189431696061,"endHours":12.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.294189431696061,"endHours":13.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.294189431696061,"endHours":14.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.294189431696061,"endHours":15.294189431696061,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.294189431696061,"endHours":16.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.29418943169606,"endHours":17.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.29418943169606,"endHours":18.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.29418943169606,"endHours":19.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.29418943169606,"endHours":20.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.29418943169606,"endHours":21.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.29418943169606,"endHours":22.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.29418943169606,"endHours":23.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.29418943169606,"endHours":24.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.29418943169606,"endHours":25.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.29418943169606,"endHours":26.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.29418943169606,"endHours":27.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.29418943169606,"endHours":28.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.29418943169606,"endHours":29.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.29418943169606,"endHours":30.29418943169606,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":11.565845751980625,"eotMinutes":-2.2685717158237404,"ayanamsa":23.834}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 23, 1998 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 23, 1998 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 18:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1998-08-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:32:46.247Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:32:46.247Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T00:32:46.247Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}