{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1997-10-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-10-16","date_display":"October 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450737.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862272.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.1686,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":357.5347,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":179.3661,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3661},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":357.5347,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.868},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.7033},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450737.770833,"ahargana":1862272.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8221,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.895852,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":357.285052,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.2266},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":228.35805200000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":180.36495200000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":288.3705520000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":224.784352,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":352.566252,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":147.8532,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":327.8532,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":10,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450737.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862272.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":178.1686,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":357.5347,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":179.3661,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.3661},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":357.5347,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.868},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.7033},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.227,"elongation":179.366},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.227,"opposition_distance":0.634}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:25","sunsetLocal":"18:11","solarNoonLocal":"12:18","dayLengthHours":11.760921576894127,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 45 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 14 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:59","moonsetLocal":"06:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:46","end":"15:14","startHours":13.769766370925417,"endHours":15.239881568037182,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:25","end":"07:53","startHours":6.419190385366587,"endHours":7.889305582478353,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.359420779590119,"endHours":10.829535976701884,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:33","startHours":9.163405419975216,"endHours":9.555436139205021,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:55","end":"07:13","startHours":6.909228784403842,"endHours":7.222853359787686,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:42","startHours":11.907620454583846,"endHours":12.691681893043455,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:38","startHours":4.85106750844737,"endHours":5.6351289469069785,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:26","end":"06:25","startHours":5.439113587292076,"endHours":6.419190385366587,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:16","end":"15:03","startHours":14.25980476996267,"endHours":15.043866208422278,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:59","end":"18:23","startHours":17.980111962260715,"endHours":18.380111962260713,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:11","end":"18:40","startHours":18.180111962260714,"endHours":18.67015036129797,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:56","end":"19:41","startHours":17.930111962260714,"endHours":19.680111962260714,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:42","startHours":23.907620454583846,"endHours":24.691681893043455,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:25","end":"07:53","startHours":6.419190385366587,"endHours":7.889305582478353,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:53","end":"09:22","startHours":7.889305582478353,"endHours":9.359420779590119,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.359420779590119,"endHours":10.829535976701884,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:50","end":"12:18","startHours":10.829535976701884,"endHours":12.29965117381365,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:18","end":"13:46","startHours":12.29965117381365,"endHours":13.769766370925417,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:46","end":"15:14","startHours":13.769766370925417,"endHours":15.239881568037182,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:14","end":"16:43","startHours":15.239881568037182,"endHours":16.709996765148947,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:43","end":"18:11","startHours":16.709996765148947,"endHours":18.180111962260714,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:11","end":"19:43","startHours":18.180111962260714,"endHours":19.709996765148947,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:43","end":"21:14","startHours":19.709996765148947,"endHours":21.239881568037184,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:14","end":"22:46","startHours":21.239881568037184,"endHours":22.769766370925417,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:46","end":"00:18","startHours":22.769766370925417,"endHours":24.29965117381365,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:18","end":"01:50","startHours":24.29965117381365,"endHours":25.829535976701884,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:50","end":"03:22","startHours":25.829535976701884,"endHours":27.359420779590117,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:22","end":"04:53","startHours":27.359420779590117,"endHours":28.889305582478354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:53","end":"06:25","startHours":28.889305582478354,"endHours":30.419190385366587,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:25","end":"07:25","startHours":6.419190385366587,"endHours":7.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:25","end":"08:25","startHours":7.419190385366587,"endHours":8.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:25","end":"09:25","startHours":8.419190385366587,"endHours":9.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:25","end":"10:25","startHours":9.419190385366587,"endHours":10.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:25","end":"11:25","startHours":10.419190385366587,"endHours":11.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:25","end":"12:25","startHours":11.419190385366587,"endHours":12.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:25","end":"13:25","startHours":12.419190385366587,"endHours":13.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:25","end":"14:25","startHours":13.419190385366587,"endHours":14.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:25","end":"15:25","startHours":14.419190385366587,"endHours":15.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:25","end":"16:25","startHours":15.419190385366587,"endHours":16.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:25","end":"17:25","startHours":16.419190385366587,"endHours":17.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:25","end":"18:25","startHours":17.419190385366587,"endHours":18.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:25","end":"19:25","startHours":18.419190385366587,"endHours":19.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:25","end":"20:25","startHours":19.419190385366587,"endHours":20.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:25","end":"21:25","startHours":20.419190385366587,"endHours":21.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:25","end":"22:25","startHours":21.419190385366587,"endHours":22.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:25","end":"23:25","startHours":22.419190385366587,"endHours":23.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:25","end":"00:25","startHours":23.419190385366587,"endHours":24.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:25","end":"01:25","startHours":24.419190385366587,"endHours":25.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:25","end":"02:25","startHours":25.419190385366587,"endHours":26.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:25","end":"03:25","startHours":26.419190385366587,"endHours":27.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:25","end":"04:25","startHours":27.419190385366587,"endHours":28.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:25","end":"05:25","startHours":28.419190385366587,"endHours":29.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:25","end":"06:25","startHours":29.419190385366587,"endHours":30.419190385366587,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Lumba","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-8.835744243571899,"eotMinutes":15.04772957118102,"ayanamsa":23.8221}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"sharad-purnima","name":"Śarad Pūrṇimā / Kojāgarī Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"शरद पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna + Lakṣmī","significance":"Krishna's Mahā-rāsa with the gopīs at Vṛndāvana. Lakṣmī wakes (\"ko jāgartti?\")","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Night-long jāgaraṇa; offering of pāyasa under moonlight","detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 10.29-33"]},{"id":"rasa-purnima","name":"Rāsa Pūrṇimā (Vraja Mahā-Rāsa)","name_sanskrit":"रास पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna + Gopīs","significance":"Krishna's Mahā-rāsa with the gopīs at Vraja (Bhāgavata 10.29-33). Same as Śarad Pūrṇimā but emphasized in Vraja tradition.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":2},{"id":"valmiki-jayanti","name":"Mahārṣi Vālmīki Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"महर्षि वाल्मीकि जयन्ती","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Maharṣi Vālmīki (ādi-kavi)","significance":"Composer of Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa. Āśvina Pūrṇimā tradition.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":3},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 16, 1997 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 16, 1997 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 06:25, sūryāsta 18:11.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-10-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T03:05:46.498Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T03:05:46.498Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T03:05:46.498Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}