{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1997-08-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-08-16","date_display":"August 16, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450676.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.7925,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":266.1875,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.395},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":266.1875,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.8541},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.98},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450676.770833,"ahargana":1862211.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8198,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":119.405283,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":265.790083,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.0742},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":187.24308300000007,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":142.437383,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":292.354683,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":154.34558300000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":356.319283,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":151.0853,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":331.0853,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":8,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450676.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862211.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":118.7925,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":266.1875,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.395,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.395},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":266.1875,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.8541},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":24.98},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.074,"elongation":147.395},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.074,"opposition_distance":32.605}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":17,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.043,"elongation":1.659}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"18:57","solarNoonLocal":"12:37","dayLengthHours":12.68237494494411,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 40 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 19 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:48","moonsetLocal":"03:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:27","end":"11:02","startHours":9.446017190382843,"endHours":11.031314058500858,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:12","end":"15:47","startHours":14.201907794736885,"endHours":15.787204662854899,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:17","end":"07:52","startHours":6.275423454146816,"endHours":7.86072032226483,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:14","end":"09:39","startHours":9.234644274633775,"endHours":9.657390106131912,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:48","end":"07:09","startHours":6.803855743519487,"endHours":7.142052408717997,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:12","end":"13:02","startHours":12.193865095120735,"endHours":13.039356758117009,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:35","end":"05:26","startHours":4.584440128154268,"endHours":5.429931791150542,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:13","end":"06:17","startHours":5.218558875401474,"endHours":6.275423454146816,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:44","end":"15:35","startHours":14.730340084109557,"endHours":15.57583174710583,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:45","end":"19:09","startHours":18.757798399090927,"endHours":19.157798399090925,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:57","end":"19:29","startHours":18.957798399090926,"endHours":19.486230688463596,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:42","end":"20:27","startHours":18.707798399090926,"endHours":20.457798399090926,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:12","end":"01:02","startHours":24.193865095120735,"endHours":25.03935675811701,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:17","end":"07:52","startHours":6.275423454146816,"endHours":7.86072032226483,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:52","end":"09:27","startHours":7.86072032226483,"endHours":9.446017190382843,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:27","end":"11:02","startHours":9.446017190382843,"endHours":11.031314058500858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:02","end":"12:37","startHours":11.031314058500858,"endHours":12.616610926618872,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:37","end":"14:12","startHours":12.616610926618872,"endHours":14.201907794736885,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:12","end":"15:47","startHours":14.201907794736885,"endHours":15.787204662854899,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:47","end":"17:22","startHours":15.787204662854899,"endHours":17.37250153097291,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"18:57","startHours":17.37250153097291,"endHours":18.957798399090926,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:57","end":"20:22","startHours":18.957798399090926,"endHours":20.37250153097291,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:22","end":"21:47","startHours":20.37250153097291,"endHours":21.787204662854897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:47","end":"23:12","startHours":21.787204662854897,"endHours":23.201907794736883,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:12","end":"00:37","startHours":23.201907794736883,"endHours":24.616610926618872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:37","end":"02:02","startHours":24.616610926618872,"endHours":26.031314058500858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:02","end":"03:27","startHours":26.031314058500858,"endHours":27.446017190382843,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:27","end":"04:52","startHours":27.446017190382843,"endHours":28.860720322264832,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:52","end":"06:17","startHours":28.860720322264832,"endHours":30.275423454146818,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.275423454146816,"endHours":7.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.275423454146816,"endHours":8.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.275423454146816,"endHours":9.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.275423454146816,"endHours":10.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.275423454146816,"endHours":11.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.275423454146816,"endHours":12.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.275423454146816,"endHours":13.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.275423454146816,"endHours":14.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.275423454146816,"endHours":15.275423454146816,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.275423454146816,"endHours":16.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.275423454146818,"endHours":17.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.275423454146818,"endHours":18.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.275423454146818,"endHours":19.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.275423454146818,"endHours":20.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.275423454146818,"endHours":21.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.275423454146818,"endHours":22.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.275423454146818,"endHours":23.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.275423454146818,"endHours":24.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.275423454146818,"endHours":25.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.275423454146818,"endHours":26.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.275423454146818,"endHours":27.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.275423454146818,"endHours":28.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.275423454146818,"endHours":29.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.275423454146818,"endHours":30.275423454146818,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":13.77511719407312,"eotMinutes":-3.969855597132357,"ayanamsa":23.8198}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 16, 1997 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 16, 1997 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 18:57.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-08-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T02:49:34.702Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T02:49:34.702Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T02:49:34.702Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}