{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1997-04-25:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-25","date_display":"April 25, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450563.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862098.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":11.1612,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":217.7093,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":206.5481,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5481},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":217.7093,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.376},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":228.8705},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450563.770833,"ahargana":1862098.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8155,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":11.06570099999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":216.89440100000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.9209},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":142.963501,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":11.942800999999974,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.990001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":16.913701000000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":349.532501,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.0726,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.0726,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450563.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862098.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":11.1612,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":217.7093,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":206.5481,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.5481},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":217.7093,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.376},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":228.8705},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.921,"elongation":153.452},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.921,"opposition_distance":26.548}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:11","sunsetLocal":"18:51","solarNoonLocal":"12:31","dayLengthHours":12.655393966628113,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 39 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 20 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"20:37","moonsetLocal":"07:51","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:56","end":"12:31","startHours":10.935444776203699,"endHours":12.517369022032213,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.68121751368924,"endHours":17.263141759517755,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:46","end":"09:21","startHours":7.7715962845466695,"endHours":9.353520530375183,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:09","end":"09:34","startHours":9.142597297598048,"endHours":9.564443763152319,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:43","end":"07:03","startHours":6.716980120660994,"endHours":7.05445729310441,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:06","end":"12:56","startHours":12.09552255647794,"endHours":12.939215487586482,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:30","end":"05:21","startHours":4.502286176501074,"endHours":5.345979107609615,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:11","startHours":5.13505587483248,"endHours":6.189672038718156,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.626601349803563,"endHours":15.470294280912103,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:39","end":"19:03","startHours":18.64506600534627,"endHours":19.045066005346268,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:51","end":"19:22","startHours":18.84506600534627,"endHours":19.372374087289106,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:36","end":"20:21","startHours":18.59506600534627,"endHours":20.34506600534627,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:06","end":"00:56","startHours":24.095522556477942,"endHours":24.939215487586484,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:11","end":"07:46","startHours":6.189672038718156,"endHours":7.7715962845466695,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:46","end":"09:21","startHours":7.7715962845466695,"endHours":9.353520530375183,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:21","end":"10:56","startHours":9.353520530375183,"endHours":10.935444776203699,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:56","end":"12:31","startHours":10.935444776203699,"endHours":12.517369022032213,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:31","end":"14:06","startHours":12.517369022032213,"endHours":14.099293267860727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.099293267860727,"endHours":15.68121751368924,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.68121751368924,"endHours":17.263141759517755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:16","end":"18:51","startHours":17.263141759517755,"endHours":18.84506600534627,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:51","end":"20:16","startHours":18.84506600534627,"endHours":20.263141759517755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.263141759517755,"endHours":21.68121751368924,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.68121751368924,"endHours":23.099293267860727,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:06","end":"00:31","startHours":23.099293267860727,"endHours":24.517369022032213,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:31","end":"01:56","startHours":24.517369022032213,"endHours":25.9354447762037,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:56","end":"03:21","startHours":25.9354447762037,"endHours":27.353520530375185,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:21","end":"04:46","startHours":27.353520530375185,"endHours":28.771596284546668,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:46","end":"06:11","startHours":28.771596284546668,"endHours":30.189672038718157,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":6.189672038718156,"endHours":7.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.189672038718156,"endHours":8.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.189672038718156,"endHours":9.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.189672038718156,"endHours":10.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.189672038718156,"endHours":11.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.189672038718156,"endHours":12.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.189672038718156,"endHours":13.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.189672038718156,"endHours":14.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.189672038718156,"endHours":15.189672038718156,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.189672038718156,"endHours":16.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.189672038718157,"endHours":17.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.189672038718157,"endHours":18.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.189672038718157,"endHours":19.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.189672038718157,"endHours":20.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.189672038718157,"endHours":21.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.189672038718157,"endHours":22.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.189672038718157,"endHours":23.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.189672038718157,"endHours":24.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.189672038718157,"endHours":25.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.189672038718157,"endHours":26.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.189672038718157,"endHours":27.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.189672038718157,"endHours":28.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.189672038718157,"endHours":29.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.189672038718157,"endHours":30.189672038718157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":13.147221109387775,"eotMinutes":1.9846586780673228,"ayanamsa":23.8155}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 25, 1997 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 25, 1997 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:11, sūryāsta 18:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-25"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:08:36.902Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:08:36.902Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T11:08:36.902Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}