{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1997-04-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-20","date_display":"April 20, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450558.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862093.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3075,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.3134,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.0058,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0058},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":153.3134,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.6467},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":159.6209},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450558.770833,"ahargana":1862093.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8153,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.190791999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":154.40369199999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.3155},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":143.293792,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":14.89179200000001,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":294.308092,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":10.735591999999997,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":348.929392,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.3375,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.3375,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450558.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862093.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3075,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":153.3134,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.0058,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.0058},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":153.3134,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.6467},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":159.6209},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.315,"elongation":147.006},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.315,"opposition_distance":32.994}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"18:50","solarNoonLocal":"12:32","dayLengthHours":12.584205311837472,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 03 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 57 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:22","moonsetLocal":"04:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"18:50","startHours":17.253394267511702,"endHours":18.826419931491387,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:32","end":"14:06","startHours":12.53431727557265,"endHours":14.107342939552336,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.680368603532019,"endHours":17.253394267511702,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:36","startHours":9.178529192415992,"endHours":9.598002702810573,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:06","startHours":6.766556507647143,"endHours":7.1021353159628084,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:07","end":"12:57","startHours":12.114843765178069,"endHours":12.953790785967232,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:34","end":"05:24","startHours":4.564320578075585,"endHours":5.403267598864749,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:12","end":"06:15","startHours":5.1935308436674585,"endHours":6.2422146196539146,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:38","end":"15:28","startHours":14.631684827545563,"endHours":15.470631848334728,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:38","end":"19:02","startHours":18.626419931491387,"endHours":19.026419931491386,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:50","end":"19:21","startHours":18.826419931491387,"endHours":19.350761819484614,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:35","end":"20:20","startHours":18.576419931491387,"endHours":20.326419931491387,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:07","end":"00:57","startHours":24.11484376517807,"endHours":24.953790785967232,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:15","end":"07:49","startHours":6.2422146196539146,"endHours":7.815240283633599,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:49","end":"09:23","startHours":7.815240283633599,"endHours":9.388265947613283,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:23","end":"10:58","startHours":9.388265947613283,"endHours":10.961291611592966,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:58","end":"12:32","startHours":10.961291611592966,"endHours":12.53431727557265,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:32","end":"14:06","startHours":12.53431727557265,"endHours":14.107342939552336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.107342939552336,"endHours":15.680368603532019,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:41","end":"17:15","startHours":15.680368603532019,"endHours":17.253394267511702,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:15","end":"18:50","startHours":17.253394267511702,"endHours":18.826419931491387,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:50","end":"20:15","startHours":18.826419931491387,"endHours":20.253394267511702,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:15","end":"21:41","startHours":20.253394267511702,"endHours":21.680368603532017,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.680368603532017,"endHours":23.107342939552336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:06","end":"00:32","startHours":23.107342939552336,"endHours":24.53431727557265,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:32","end":"01:58","startHours":24.53431727557265,"endHours":25.961291611592966,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:58","end":"03:23","startHours":25.961291611592966,"endHours":27.388265947613284,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:23","end":"04:49","startHours":27.388265947613284,"endHours":28.8152402836336,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:49","end":"06:15","startHours":28.8152402836336,"endHours":30.242214619653915,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.2422146196539146,"endHours":7.2422146196539146,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.2422146196539146,"endHours":8.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.242214619653915,"endHours":9.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.242214619653915,"endHours":10.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.242214619653915,"endHours":11.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.242214619653915,"endHours":12.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.242214619653915,"endHours":13.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.242214619653915,"endHours":14.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.242214619653915,"endHours":15.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.242214619653915,"endHours":16.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.242214619653915,"endHours":17.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.242214619653915,"endHours":18.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.242214619653915,"endHours":19.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.242214619653915,"endHours":20.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.242214619653915,"endHours":21.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.242214619653915,"endHours":22.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.242214619653915,"endHours":23.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.242214619653915,"endHours":24.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.242214619653915,"endHours":25.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.242214619653915,"endHours":26.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.242214619653915,"endHours":27.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.242214619653915,"endHours":28.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.242214619653915,"endHours":29.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.242214619653915,"endHours":30.242214619653915,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":11.472808192749342,"eotMinutes":0.9677634656409275,"ayanamsa":23.8153}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 20, 1997 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 20, 1997 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 18:50.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T11:00:45.549Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T11:00:45.549Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T11:00:45.549Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}