{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1997-04-09:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-04-09","date_display":"April 9, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":9,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450547.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862082.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":355.5727,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":17.4004,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":21.8277,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8277},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":17.4004,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0671},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":12.9732},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":9,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450547.770833,"ahargana":1862082.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8149,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":355.418012,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.722912000000008,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.8594},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":145.169312,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":14.119111999999973,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":292.621312,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":357.120212,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":347.573512,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":157.9203,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":337.9203,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":4,"day":9,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450547.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862082.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":355.5727,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":17.4004,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":21.8277,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8277},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":17.4004,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.0671},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":12.9732},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.859,"elongation":21.828},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.859,"opposition_distance":158.172}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-16,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.031,"opposition_distance":1.434}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:48","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":12.42016585422095,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 25 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 34 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:39","moonsetLocal":"20:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:35","end":"14:08","startHours":12.582051438054087,"endHours":14.134572169831706,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:55","end":"09:29","startHours":7.924489242721231,"endHours":9.47700997449885,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:02","end":"12:35","startHours":11.029530706276468,"endHours":12.582051438054087,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:16","end":"09:41","startHours":9.270007210261834,"endHours":9.684012738735866,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:53","end":"07:13","startHours":6.889475421536153,"endHours":7.220679844315378,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:10","end":"13:00","startHours":12.168045909580057,"endHours":12.996056966528121,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:43","end":"05:33","startHours":4.715946397047485,"endHours":5.543957453995549,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:20","end":"06:22","startHours":5.336954689758533,"endHours":6.371968510943613,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:39","end":"15:29","startHours":14.652079080424247,"endHours":15.480090137372311,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:36","end":"19:00","startHours":18.592134365164565,"endHours":18.992134365164564,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:48","end":"19:19","startHours":18.792134365164564,"endHours":19.309641275757105,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:33","end":"20:18","startHours":18.542134365164564,"endHours":20.292134365164564,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:10","end":"01:00","startHours":24.168045909580055,"endHours":24.99605696652812,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:22","end":"07:55","startHours":6.371968510943613,"endHours":7.924489242721231,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:55","end":"09:29","startHours":7.924489242721231,"endHours":9.47700997449885,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:29","end":"11:02","startHours":9.47700997449885,"endHours":11.029530706276468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:02","end":"12:35","startHours":11.029530706276468,"endHours":12.582051438054087,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:35","end":"14:08","startHours":12.582051438054087,"endHours":14.134572169831706,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:08","end":"15:41","startHours":14.134572169831706,"endHours":15.687092901609326,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:41","end":"17:14","startHours":15.687092901609326,"endHours":17.239613633386945,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:14","end":"18:48","startHours":17.239613633386945,"endHours":18.792134365164564,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:48","end":"20:14","startHours":18.792134365164564,"endHours":20.239613633386945,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:14","end":"21:41","startHours":20.239613633386945,"endHours":21.687092901609326,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:41","end":"23:08","startHours":21.687092901609326,"endHours":23.134572169831706,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:08","end":"00:35","startHours":23.134572169831706,"endHours":24.582051438054087,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:35","end":"02:02","startHours":24.582051438054087,"endHours":26.029530706276468,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:02","end":"03:29","startHours":26.029530706276468,"endHours":27.477009974498852,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:29","end":"04:55","startHours":27.477009974498852,"endHours":28.924489242721233,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:55","end":"06:22","startHours":28.924489242721233,"endHours":30.371968510943613,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.371968510943613,"endHours":7.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.371968510943613,"endHours":8.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.371968510943613,"endHours":9.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.371968510943613,"endHours":10.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.371968510943613,"endHours":11.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.371968510943613,"endHours":12.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.371968510943613,"endHours":13.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.371968510943613,"endHours":14.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.371968510943613,"endHours":15.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.371968510943613,"endHours":16.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.371968510943613,"endHours":17.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.371968510943613,"endHours":18.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.371968510943613,"endHours":19.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.371968510943613,"endHours":20.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.371968510943613,"endHours":21.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.371968510943613,"endHours":22.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.371968510943613,"endHours":23.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.371968510943613,"endHours":24.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.371968510943613,"endHours":25.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.371968510943613,"endHours":26.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.371968510943613,"endHours":27.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.371968510943613,"endHours":28.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.371968510943613,"endHours":29.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.371968510943613,"endHours":30.371968510943613,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":7.528346166845469,"eotMinutes":-1.8962862832453116,"ayanamsa":23.8149}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 9, 1997 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 9, 1997 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:48.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1997-04-09"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T11:58:16.524Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-04T11:58:16.524Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-04T11:58:16.524Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}