{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1996-10-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1996-10-20","date_display":"October 20, 1996 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1996,"month":10,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450376.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861911.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":182.4063,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.1915,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7852},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.1915,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5248},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":99.5978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1996,"month":10,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450376.770833,"ahargana":1861911.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8083,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.12174500000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.912645,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2224},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":120.42094500000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":174.29554499999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":257.3192449999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":144.942745,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":338.391245,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":166.9807,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":346.9807,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1996,"month":10,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450376.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861911.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":182.4063,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":277.1915,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":94.7852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7852},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":277.1915,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.5248},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":99.5978},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.222,"elongation":94.785},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.222,"opposition_distance":85.215}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:26","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.697950843146216,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 41 Mins 53 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 18 Mins 07 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:55","moonsetLocal":"00:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:08","startHours":16.675563712109312,"endHours":18.137807567502588,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:17","end":"13:45","startHours":12.28883214592948,"endHours":13.751076001322758,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:13","end":"16:41","startHours":15.213319856716033,"endHours":16.675563712109312,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.169378587757155,"endHours":9.559310282528696,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:56","end":"07:14","startHours":6.927271342820798,"endHours":7.23921669863803,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:41","startHours":11.898900451157939,"endHours":12.67876384070102,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:53","end":"05:40","startHours":4.88012994527021,"endHours":5.659993334813291,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:26","startHours":5.465027487427521,"endHours":6.439856724356372,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:14","end":"15:01","startHours":14.238490619787182,"endHours":15.018354009330263,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.93780756750259,"endHours":18.337807567502587,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:38","startHours":18.137807567502588,"endHours":18.62522218596701,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.887807567502588,"endHours":19.637807567502588,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:41","startHours":23.89890045115794,"endHours":24.67876384070102,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:26","end":"07:54","startHours":6.439856724356372,"endHours":7.902100579749649,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:54","end":"09:22","startHours":7.902100579749649,"endHours":9.364344435142925,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.364344435142925,"endHours":10.826588290536204,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.826588290536204,"endHours":12.28883214592948,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:17","end":"13:45","startHours":12.28883214592948,"endHours":13.751076001322758,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:45","end":"15:13","startHours":13.751076001322758,"endHours":15.213319856716033,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:13","end":"16:41","startHours":15.213319856716033,"endHours":16.675563712109312,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:41","end":"18:08","startHours":16.675563712109312,"endHours":18.137807567502588,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:08","end":"19:41","startHours":18.137807567502588,"endHours":19.67556371210931,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:41","end":"21:13","startHours":19.67556371210931,"endHours":21.213319856716033,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:13","end":"22:45","startHours":21.213319856716033,"endHours":22.751076001322758,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:45","end":"00:17","startHours":22.751076001322758,"endHours":24.28883214592948,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.28883214592948,"endHours":25.8265882905362,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:50","end":"03:22","startHours":25.8265882905362,"endHours":27.364344435142925,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:22","end":"04:54","startHours":27.364344435142925,"endHours":28.90210057974965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:54","end":"06:26","startHours":28.90210057974965,"endHours":30.43985672435637,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.439856724356372,"endHours":7.439856724356372,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.439856724356372,"endHours":8.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.439856724356371,"endHours":9.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.439856724356371,"endHours":10.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.439856724356371,"endHours":11.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.439856724356371,"endHours":12.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.439856724356371,"endHours":13.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.439856724356371,"endHours":14.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.439856724356371,"endHours":15.439856724356371,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.439856724356371,"endHours":16.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.43985672435637,"endHours":17.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.43985672435637,"endHours":18.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.43985672435637,"endHours":19.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.43985672435637,"endHours":20.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.43985672435637,"endHours":21.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.43985672435637,"endHours":22.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.43985672435637,"endHours":23.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.43985672435637,"endHours":24.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.43985672435637,"endHours":25.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.43985672435637,"endHours":26.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.43985672435637,"endHours":27.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.43985672435637,"endHours":28.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.43985672435637,"endHours":29.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":29.43985672435637,"endHours":30.43985672435637,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-10.377561707200599,"eotMinutes":15.696871244231174,"ayanamsa":23.8083}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2053,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhi","saka_samvat":1918,"saka_samvatsara":"Dhātṛ","bengali_samvat":1403,"malayalam_era":1172,"nanakshahi_year":527,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2053 Virodhi · Śaka 1918 Dhātṛ"},"festivals":[{"id":"durga-ashtami","name":"Mahā-Aṣṭamī (Durgā-Aṣṭamī)","name_sanskrit":"महाष्टमी","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Durgā","significance":"8th day of Śāradīya Navrātri; Mahiṣāsura-mardinī kṣaṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":8,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 20, 1996 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 20, 1996 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:26, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1996-10-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T09:27:11.969Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T09:27:11.969Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T09:27:11.969Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}