{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1978-10-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-10-28","date_display":"October 28, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443809.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855344.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0578,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":144.1526,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.0948,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0948},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":144.1526,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8193},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":334.2105},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443809.770833,"ahargana":1855344.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5572,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.70595300000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":145.07915300000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.8408},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":213.12435299999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":207.778953,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":103.88985300000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":207.733653,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":137.36155299999996,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":154.932,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":334.932,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443809.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855344.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":190.0578,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":144.1526,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.0948,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.0948},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":144.1526,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.8193},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":334.2105},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.841,"elongation":45.905},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.841,"opposition_distance":134.095}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:04","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.592030961854917,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 35 Mins 31 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 24 Mins 29 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:06","moonsetLocal":"15:22","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.379045663878081,"endHours":10.828049534109944,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:44","end":"15:11","startHours":13.726057274573673,"endHours":15.17506114480554,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:29","end":"07:56","startHours":6.481037923414351,"endHours":7.9300417936462155,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:11","end":"09:34","startHours":9.185845147847164,"endHours":9.572246179908996,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:58","end":"07:16","startHours":6.964039213491639,"endHours":7.2731600391411035,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:53","end":"12:40","startHours":11.89065237227998,"endHours":12.66345443640364,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:56","end":"05:42","startHours":4.935433795167029,"endHours":5.708235859290689,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:31","end":"06:29","startHours":5.5150353432597745,"endHours":6.481037923414351,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:13","end":"14:59","startHours":14.209058564650963,"endHours":14.981860628774625,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:52","end":"18:16","startHours":17.87306888526927,"endHours":18.273068885269268,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:04","end":"18:33","startHours":18.07306888526927,"endHours":18.556070175346555,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:49","end":"19:34","startHours":17.82306888526927,"endHours":19.57306888526927,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:53","end":"00:40","startHours":23.89065237227998,"endHours":24.66345443640364,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:29","end":"07:56","startHours":6.481037923414351,"endHours":7.9300417936462155,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:56","end":"09:23","startHours":7.9300417936462155,"endHours":9.379045663878081,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:23","end":"10:50","startHours":9.379045663878081,"endHours":10.828049534109944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.828049534109944,"endHours":12.27705340434181,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:17","end":"13:44","startHours":12.27705340434181,"endHours":13.726057274573673,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:44","end":"15:11","startHours":13.726057274573673,"endHours":15.17506114480554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:11","end":"16:37","startHours":15.17506114480554,"endHours":16.624065015037402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:37","end":"18:04","startHours":16.624065015037402,"endHours":18.07306888526927,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:04","end":"19:37","startHours":18.07306888526927,"endHours":19.624065015037402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:37","end":"21:11","startHours":19.624065015037402,"endHours":21.17506114480554,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:11","end":"22:44","startHours":21.17506114480554,"endHours":22.726057274573677,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:44","end":"00:17","startHours":22.726057274573677,"endHours":24.27705340434181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.27705340434181,"endHours":25.828049534109944,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:50","end":"03:23","startHours":25.828049534109944,"endHours":27.37904566387808,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:23","end":"04:56","startHours":27.37904566387808,"endHours":28.930041793646218,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:56","end":"06:29","startHours":28.930041793646218,"endHours":30.481037923414352,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.481037923414351,"endHours":7.481037923414351,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.481037923414351,"endHours":8.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.481037923414352,"endHours":9.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.481037923414352,"endHours":10.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.481037923414352,"endHours":11.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.481037923414352,"endHours":12.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.481037923414352,"endHours":13.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.481037923414352,"endHours":14.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.481037923414352,"endHours":15.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.481037923414352,"endHours":16.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.481037923414352,"endHours":17.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.481037923414352,"endHours":18.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.481037923414352,"endHours":19.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.481037923414352,"endHours":20.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.481037923414352,"endHours":21.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.481037923414352,"endHours":22.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.481037923414352,"endHours":23.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.481037923414352,"endHours":24.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.481037923414352,"endHours":25.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.481037923414352,"endHours":26.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.481037923414352,"endHours":27.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.481037923414352,"endHours":28.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.481037923414352,"endHours":29.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.481037923414352,"endHours":30.481037923414352,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-12.939452175248343,"eotMinutes":16.40359573949132,"ayanamsa":23.5572}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"govatsa-dwadashi","name":"Govatsa Dvādaśī (Vaccha Bāras)","name_sanskrit":"गोवत्स द्वादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna + Gomātā","significance":"Worship of cow + calf; pre-Diwali day.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":27,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Kārtika"},"precedence":4},{"id":"tula-sankranti","name":"Tulā Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"तुला सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Libra.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Tulā"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 28, 1978 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 28, 1978 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T18:24:49.056Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T18:24:49.056Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T18:24:49.056Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}