{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1978-10-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-10-21","date_display":"October 21, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443802.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855337.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.0618,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":61.8624,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.8006,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.8006},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":61.8624,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5291},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":244.9242},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443802.770833,"ahargana":1855337.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5569,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.73152000000005,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":60.987120000000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4919},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":208.16002000000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":197.28852000000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":103.20672000000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":209.51211999999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":136.68752,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":155.3029,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":335.3029,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":10,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443802.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855337.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":183.0618,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":61.8624,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.8006,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.8006},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":61.8624,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5291},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":244.9242},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.492,"elongation":121.199},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.492,"opposition_distance":58.801}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:26","sunsetLocal":"18:08","solarNoonLocal":"12:17","dayLengthHours":11.692657754782125,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 41 Mins 34 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 18 Mins 26 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:34","moonsetLocal":"10:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.36345855185939,"endHours":10.825040771207156,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:45","end":"15:13","startHours":13.748205209902686,"endHours":15.209787429250452,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:26","end":"07:54","startHours":6.4402941131638585,"endHours":7.901876332511624,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.168580922613021,"endHours":9.558336181105759,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:56","end":"07:14","startHours":6.92748818627978,"endHours":7.2392923930739705,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:54","end":"12:41","startHours":11.896867732062184,"endHours":12.676378249047659,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:53","end":"05:40","startHours":4.881273079192908,"endHours":5.6607835961783834,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:26","startHours":5.465905966932015,"endHours":6.4402941131638585,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:14","end":"15:01","startHours":14.235399283018609,"endHours":15.014909800004084,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:56","end":"18:20","startHours":17.932951867945985,"endHours":18.332951867945983,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:08","end":"18:37","startHours":18.132951867945984,"endHours":18.620145941061907,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:53","end":"19:38","startHours":17.882951867945984,"endHours":19.632951867945984,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:54","end":"00:41","startHours":23.896867732062184,"endHours":24.67637824904766,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:26","end":"07:54","startHours":6.4402941131638585,"endHours":7.901876332511624,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:54","end":"09:22","startHours":7.901876332511624,"endHours":9.36345855185939,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:22","end":"10:50","startHours":9.36345855185939,"endHours":10.825040771207156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:50","end":"12:17","startHours":10.825040771207156,"endHours":12.286622990554921,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:17","end":"13:45","startHours":12.286622990554921,"endHours":13.748205209902686,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:45","end":"15:13","startHours":13.748205209902686,"endHours":15.209787429250452,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:13","end":"16:40","startHours":15.209787429250452,"endHours":16.67136964859822,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:40","end":"18:08","startHours":16.67136964859822,"endHours":18.132951867945984,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:08","end":"19:40","startHours":18.132951867945984,"endHours":19.67136964859822,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:40","end":"21:13","startHours":19.67136964859822,"endHours":21.209787429250454,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:13","end":"22:45","startHours":21.209787429250454,"endHours":22.748205209902686,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:45","end":"00:17","startHours":22.748205209902686,"endHours":24.28662299055492,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:17","end":"01:50","startHours":24.28662299055492,"endHours":25.825040771207156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:50","end":"03:22","startHours":25.825040771207156,"endHours":27.363458551859388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:22","end":"04:54","startHours":27.363458551859388,"endHours":28.901876332511623,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:54","end":"06:26","startHours":28.901876332511623,"endHours":30.44029411316386,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.4402941131638585,"endHours":7.4402941131638585,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.4402941131638585,"endHours":8.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.440294113163858,"endHours":9.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.440294113163858,"endHours":10.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.440294113163858,"endHours":11.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.440294113163858,"endHours":12.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.440294113163858,"endHours":13.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.440294113163858,"endHours":14.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.440294113163858,"endHours":15.440294113163858,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.440294113163858,"endHours":16.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.44029411316386,"endHours":17.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.44029411316386,"endHours":18.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.44029411316386,"endHours":19.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.44029411316386,"endHours":20.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.44029411316386,"endHours":21.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.44029411316386,"endHours":22.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.44029411316386,"endHours":23.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.44029411316386,"endHours":24.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.44029411316386,"endHours":25.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.44029411316386,"endHours":26.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.44029411316386,"endHours":27.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.44029411316386,"endHours":28.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.44029411316386,"endHours":29.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":29.44029411316386,"endHours":30.44029411316386,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-10.506576309707476,"eotMinutes":15.829420566704727,"ayanamsa":23.5569}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Kārtika","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Kārtika","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Tulā (Aippasi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Kārtika Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga October 21, 1978 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"October 21, 1978 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:26, sūryāsta 18:08.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-10-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T23:30:51.386Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-30T23:30:51.386Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-30T23:30:51.386Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}