{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1978-08-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-08-23","date_display":"August 23, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443743.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855278.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.416,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.679,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.679},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.095,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.095},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":130.5111},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443743.770833,"ahargana":1855278.2708,"kali_year":5080,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5546,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":126.01457499999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.886975000000007,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.0179},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":168.44167500000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":119.05217499999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":93.52547500000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":172.27927499999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":129.68987500000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":158.429,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":338.429,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":8,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443743.770833,"kali_year":5080,"ahargana":1855278.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":125.416,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.095,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.679,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.679},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.095,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.095},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":130.5111},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.018,"elongation":120.321},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.018,"opposition_distance":59.679}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"18:53","solarNoonLocal":"12:35","dayLengthHours":12.590497420670268,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 35 Mins 26 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 24 Mins 34 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:22","moonsetLocal":"10:55","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"12:35","end":"14:10","startHours":12.588256195263728,"endHours":14.162068372847513,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"07:52","end":"09:26","startHours":7.866819662512379,"endHours":9.440631840096163,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:01","end":"12:35","startHours":11.014444017679946,"endHours":12.588256195263728,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:14","end":"09:39","startHours":9.230790216418324,"endHours":9.650473463774,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:49","end":"07:09","startHours":6.8176115441231895,"endHours":7.15335814200773,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:10","end":"13:00","startHours":12.168572947908052,"endHours":13.007939442619405,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:37","end":"05:27","startHours":4.614274495505893,"endHours":5.453640990217244,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:18","startHours":5.243799366539406,"endHours":6.293007484928595,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:41","end":"15:32","startHours":14.686672432042108,"endHours":15.52603892675346,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:41","end":"19:05","startHours":18.683504905598863,"endHours":19.08350490559886,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:53","end":"19:24","startHours":18.883504905598862,"endHours":19.408108964793456,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:38","end":"20:23","startHours":18.633504905598862,"endHours":20.383504905598862,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:10","end":"01:00","startHours":24.168572947908054,"endHours":25.007939442619403,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"06:18","end":"07:52","startHours":6.293007484928595,"endHours":7.866819662512379,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"07:52","end":"09:26","startHours":7.866819662512379,"endHours":9.440631840096163,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"09:26","end":"11:01","startHours":9.440631840096163,"endHours":11.014444017679946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:01","end":"12:35","startHours":11.014444017679946,"endHours":12.588256195263728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:35","end":"14:10","startHours":12.588256195263728,"endHours":14.162068372847513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:10","end":"15:44","startHours":14.162068372847513,"endHours":15.735880550431297,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:44","end":"17:19","startHours":15.735880550431297,"endHours":17.30969272801508,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"17:19","end":"18:53","startHours":17.30969272801508,"endHours":18.883504905598862,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:53","end":"20:19","startHours":18.883504905598862,"endHours":20.30969272801508,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:19","end":"21:44","startHours":20.30969272801508,"endHours":21.735880550431297,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:44","end":"23:10","startHours":21.735880550431297,"endHours":23.16206837284751,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:10","end":"00:35","startHours":23.16206837284751,"endHours":24.588256195263728,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"00:35","end":"02:01","startHours":24.588256195263728,"endHours":26.014444017679946,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:01","end":"03:26","startHours":26.014444017679946,"endHours":27.44063184009616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:26","end":"04:52","startHours":27.44063184009616,"endHours":28.866819662512377,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"04:52","end":"06:18","startHours":28.866819662512377,"endHours":30.293007484928594,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.293007484928595,"endHours":7.293007484928595,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.293007484928595,"endHours":8.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.293007484928594,"endHours":9.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.293007484928594,"endHours":10.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.293007484928594,"endHours":11.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.293007484928594,"endHours":12.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.293007484928594,"endHours":13.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.293007484928594,"endHours":14.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.293007484928594,"endHours":15.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.293007484928594,"endHours":16.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.293007484928594,"endHours":17.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.293007484928594,"endHours":18.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.293007484928594,"endHours":19.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.293007484928594,"endHours":20.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.293007484928594,"endHours":21.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.293007484928594,"endHours":22.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.293007484928594,"endHours":23.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.293007484928594,"endHours":24.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.293007484928594,"endHours":25.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.293007484928594,"endHours":26.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.293007484928594,"endHours":27.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.293007484928594,"endHours":28.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.293007484928594,"endHours":29.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.293007484928594,"endHours":30.293007484928594,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":11.621798136507397,"eotMinutes":-2.2685717158237404,"ayanamsa":23.5546}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 23, 1978 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 23, 1978 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 18:53.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-08-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T17:51:31.310Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T17:51:31.310Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T17:51:31.310Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}