{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1978-03-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-03-31","date_display":"March 31, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443598.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855133.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.6463,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.4851,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.8388,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8388},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.4851,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4851},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":235.1314},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443598.770833,"ahargana":1855133.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5491,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.426615,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.54101500000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4601},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":93.41101500000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":2.8974150000000236,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":64.64981499999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":3.2736150000000066,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":120.604915,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":166.1118,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":346.1118,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":3,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443598.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855133.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":346.6463,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.4851,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":261.8388,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.8388},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.4851,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.4851},"yoga":{"number":18,"name":"Varīyān","sum_longitude":235.1314},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.46,"elongation":98.161},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.46,"opposition_distance":81.839}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:38","dayLengthHours":12.274631696460979,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 29 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 31 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:33","moonsetLocal":"11:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.093812728210485,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.696799614383352,"endHours":17.231128576440977,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:02","end":"09:34","startHours":8.02515480409524,"endHours":9.559483766152862,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:46","startHours":9.354906571211847,"endHours":9.764060961093879,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:20","startHours":7.002268829390159,"endHours":7.329592341295785,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:02","startHours":12.218987300386075,"endHours":13.037296080150142,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:40","startHours":4.854208282509488,"endHours":5.6725170622735535,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:28","end":"06:29","startHours":5.467939867332537,"endHours":6.490825842037618,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:30","startHours":14.673913639678272,"endHours":15.492222419442337,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.5654575384986,"endHours":18.965457538498598,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:17","startHours":18.765457538498598,"endHours":19.27690052585114,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.515457538498598,"endHours":20.265457538498598,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:02","startHours":24.218987300386075,"endHours":25.037296080150142,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:29","end":"08:02","startHours":6.490825842037618,"endHours":8.02515480409524,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:02","end":"09:34","startHours":8.02515480409524,"endHours":9.559483766152862,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:34","end":"11:06","startHours":9.559483766152862,"endHours":11.093812728210485,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:06","end":"12:38","startHours":11.093812728210485,"endHours":12.628141690268109,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:38","end":"14:10","startHours":12.628141690268109,"endHours":14.16247065232573,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:10","end":"15:42","startHours":14.16247065232573,"endHours":15.696799614383352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.696799614383352,"endHours":17.231128576440977,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.231128576440977,"endHours":18.765457538498598,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:46","end":"20:14","startHours":18.765457538498598,"endHours":20.231128576440977,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.231128576440977,"endHours":21.69679961438335,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:42","end":"23:10","startHours":21.69679961438335,"endHours":23.16247065232573,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:10","end":"00:38","startHours":23.16247065232573,"endHours":24.62814169026811,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:38","end":"02:06","startHours":24.62814169026811,"endHours":26.093812728210487,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:06","end":"03:34","startHours":26.093812728210487,"endHours":27.559483766152866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:34","end":"05:02","startHours":27.559483766152866,"endHours":29.02515480409524,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"05:02","end":"06:29","startHours":29.02515480409524,"endHours":30.49082584203762,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.490825842037618,"endHours":7.490825842037618,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.490825842037618,"endHours":8.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.49082584203762,"endHours":9.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.49082584203762,"endHours":10.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.49082584203762,"endHours":11.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.49082584203762,"endHours":12.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.49082584203762,"endHours":13.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.49082584203762,"endHours":14.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.49082584203762,"endHours":15.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.49082584203762,"endHours":16.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.49082584203762,"endHours":17.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.49082584203762,"endHours":18.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.49082584203762,"endHours":19.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.49082584203762,"endHours":20.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.49082584203762,"endHours":21.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.49082584203762,"endHours":22.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.49082584203762,"endHours":23.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.49082584203762,"endHours":24.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.49082584203762,"endHours":25.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.49082584203762,"endHours":26.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.49082584203762,"endHours":27.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.49082584203762,"endHours":28.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.49082584203762,"endHours":29.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.49082584203762,"endHours":30.49082584203762,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":3.9507801238023457,"eotMinutes":-4.661701416086492,"ayanamsa":23.5491}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 31, 1978 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 31, 1978 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1978-03-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T02:33:51.066Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T02:33:51.066Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T02:33:51.066Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}