{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1977-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1977-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 1977 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1977,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443352.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1854887.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.8594,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":249.9522,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":149.0928,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0928},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":249.9522,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.9522},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":350.8116},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1977,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443352.770833,"ahargana":1854887.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5397,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.31901399999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.16721400000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.2494},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":43.973614,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":126.24371400000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":61.88181400000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":60.22371399999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":114.71331400000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":179.146,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":359.146,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1977,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443352.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1854887.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.8594,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":249.9522,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":149.0928,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0928},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":249.9522,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.9522},"yoga":{"number":27,"name":"Vaidhṛti","sum_longitude":350.8116},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.249,"elongation":149.093},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.249,"opposition_distance":30.907}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:12","sunsetLocal":"19:07","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.916460928399726,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 59 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 01 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:54","moonsetLocal":"03:59","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:16","end":"15:53","startHours":14.267843493989986,"endHours":15.88240111003995,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.195055413740157,"endHours":7.809613029790123,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:25","end":"11:02","startHours":9.42417064584009,"endHours":11.038728261890054,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:38","startHours":9.208896297033426,"endHours":9.63944499464675,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:05","startHours":6.733241285756812,"endHours":7.077680243847471,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222737180326696,"endHours":13.083834575553343,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:28","end":"05:20","startHours":4.47286062328686,"endHours":5.333958018513508,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:07","end":"06:12","startHours":5.118683669706846,"endHours":6.195055413740157,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:40","startHours":14.80602936600664,"endHours":15.66712676123329,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:55","end":"19:19","startHours":18.911516342139883,"endHours":19.311516342139882,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:07","end":"19:39","startHours":19.111516342139883,"endHours":19.649702214156537,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:52","end":"20:37","startHours":18.861516342139883,"endHours":20.611516342139883,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.222737180326696,"endHours":25.083834575553347,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:12","end":"07:49","startHours":6.195055413740157,"endHours":7.809613029790123,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:49","end":"09:25","startHours":7.809613029790123,"endHours":9.42417064584009,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:25","end":"11:02","startHours":9.42417064584009,"endHours":11.038728261890054,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.038728261890054,"endHours":12.65328587794002,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.65328587794002,"endHours":14.267843493989986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:16","end":"15:53","startHours":14.267843493989986,"endHours":15.88240111003995,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:53","end":"17:30","startHours":15.88240111003995,"endHours":17.496958726089915,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:30","end":"19:07","startHours":17.496958726089915,"endHours":19.111516342139883,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:07","end":"20:30","startHours":19.111516342139883,"endHours":20.496958726089918,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:30","end":"21:53","startHours":20.496958726089918,"endHours":21.88240111003995,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:53","end":"23:16","startHours":21.88240111003995,"endHours":23.267843493989986,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.267843493989986,"endHours":24.65328587794002,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.65328587794002,"endHours":26.038728261890054,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:02","end":"03:25","startHours":26.038728261890054,"endHours":27.42417064584009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:25","end":"04:49","startHours":27.42417064584009,"endHours":28.80961302979012,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:49","end":"06:12","startHours":28.80961302979012,"endHours":30.195055413740157,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:12","end":"07:12","startHours":6.195055413740157,"endHours":7.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:12","end":"08:12","startHours":7.195055413740157,"endHours":8.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:12","end":"09:12","startHours":8.195055413740157,"endHours":9.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:12","end":"10:12","startHours":9.195055413740157,"endHours":10.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:12","end":"11:12","startHours":10.195055413740157,"endHours":11.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:12","end":"12:12","startHours":11.195055413740157,"endHours":12.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:12","end":"13:12","startHours":12.195055413740157,"endHours":13.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:12","end":"14:12","startHours":13.195055413740157,"endHours":14.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:12","end":"15:12","startHours":14.195055413740157,"endHours":15.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:12","end":"16:12","startHours":15.195055413740157,"endHours":16.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:12","end":"17:12","startHours":16.195055413740157,"endHours":17.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:12","end":"18:12","startHours":17.195055413740157,"endHours":18.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:12","end":"19:12","startHours":18.195055413740157,"endHours":19.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:12","end":"20:12","startHours":19.195055413740157,"endHours":20.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:12","end":"21:12","startHours":20.195055413740157,"endHours":21.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:12","end":"22:12","startHours":21.195055413740157,"endHours":22.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:12","end":"23:12","startHours":22.195055413740157,"endHours":23.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:12","end":"00:12","startHours":23.195055413740157,"endHours":24.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:12","end":"01:12","startHours":24.195055413740157,"endHours":25.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:12","end":"02:12","startHours":25.195055413740157,"endHours":26.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:12","end":"03:12","startHours":26.195055413740157,"endHours":27.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:12","end":"04:12","startHours":27.195055413740157,"endHours":28.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:12","end":"05:12","startHours":28.195055413740157,"endHours":29.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:12","end":"06:12","startHours":29.195055413740157,"endHours":30.195055413740157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":19.04828844410092,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.5397}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2034,"vikram_samvatsara":"Pramoda","saka_samvat":1899,"saka_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","bengali_samvat":1384,"malayalam_era":1153,"nanakshahi_year":508,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2034 Pramoda · Śaka 1899 Piṅgala"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 1977 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 1977 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 06:12, sūryāsta 19:07.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1977-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:11.666Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:11.666Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:27:11.666Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}