{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1975-05-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1975-05-01","date_display":"May 1, 1975 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1975,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442533.770833,"kali_year":5077,"ahargana":1854068.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6688,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.5289,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":244.8601,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.8601},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":261.5289,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1956},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":278.1977},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1975,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442533.770833,"ahargana":1854068.2708,"kali_year":5077,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5084,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.54900600000002,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.849606,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.8295},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":321.469706,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":30.383906000000025,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":346.850606,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":56.82860599999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":80.53930600000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":222.5406,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":42.5406,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1975,"month":5,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442533.770833,"kali_year":5077,"ahargana":1854068.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6688,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":261.5289,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":244.8601,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.8601},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":261.5289,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.1956},"yoga":{"number":21,"name":"Siddha","sum_longitude":278.1977},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.829,"elongation":115.14},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.829,"opposition_distance":64.86}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:08","sunsetLocal":"18:52","solarNoonLocal":"12:30","dayLengthHours":12.728114767696944,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:17","moonsetLocal":"10:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.092827557146006,"endHours":15.683841903108124,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:08","end":"07:44","startHours":6.137755827335416,"endHours":7.728770173297534,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:19","end":"10:55","startHours":9.319784519259652,"endHours":10.91079886522177,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:06","end":"09:32","startHours":9.107649273131369,"endHours":9.531919765387935,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:40","end":"07:00","startHours":6.668093942656122,"endHours":7.007510336461374,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:05","end":"12:56","startHours":12.077542718927322,"endHours":12.926083703440451,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:17","startHours":4.4406738583091565,"endHours":5.289214842822286,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:05","end":"06:08","startHours":5.077079596694004,"endHours":6.137755827335416,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:28","startHours":14.623165672466712,"endHours":15.471706656979842,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:40","end":"19:04","startHours":18.66587059503236,"endHours":19.065870595032358,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:52","end":"19:24","startHours":18.86587059503236,"endHours":19.396208710353065,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:37","end":"20:22","startHours":18.61587059503236,"endHours":20.36587059503236,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:05","end":"00:56","startHours":24.077542718927322,"endHours":24.92608370344045,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:08","end":"07:44","startHours":6.137755827335416,"endHours":7.728770173297534,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:44","end":"09:19","startHours":7.728770173297534,"endHours":9.319784519259652,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:19","end":"10:55","startHours":9.319784519259652,"endHours":10.91079886522177,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:55","end":"12:30","startHours":10.91079886522177,"endHours":12.501813211183887,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:30","end":"14:06","startHours":12.501813211183887,"endHours":14.092827557146006,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:06","end":"15:41","startHours":14.092827557146006,"endHours":15.683841903108124,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:41","end":"17:16","startHours":15.683841903108124,"endHours":17.27485624907024,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:16","end":"18:52","startHours":17.27485624907024,"endHours":18.86587059503236,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:52","end":"20:16","startHours":18.86587059503236,"endHours":20.27485624907024,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:16","end":"21:41","startHours":20.27485624907024,"endHours":21.683841903108124,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:41","end":"23:06","startHours":21.683841903108124,"endHours":23.092827557146006,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:06","end":"00:30","startHours":23.092827557146006,"endHours":24.501813211183887,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:30","end":"01:55","startHours":24.501813211183887,"endHours":25.910798865221768,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:55","end":"03:19","startHours":25.910798865221768,"endHours":27.31978451925965,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:19","end":"04:44","startHours":27.31978451925965,"endHours":28.728770173297534,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:44","end":"06:08","startHours":28.728770173297534,"endHours":30.137755827335415,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.137755827335416,"endHours":7.137755827335416,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.137755827335416,"endHours":8.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.137755827335415,"endHours":9.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.137755827335415,"endHours":10.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.137755827335415,"endHours":11.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.137755827335415,"endHours":12.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.137755827335415,"endHours":13.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.137755827335415,"endHours":14.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.137755827335415,"endHours":15.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.137755827335415,"endHours":16.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.137755827335415,"endHours":17.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.137755827335415,"endHours":18.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.137755827335415,"endHours":19.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.137755827335415,"endHours":20.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.137755827335415,"endHours":21.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.137755827335415,"endHours":22.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.137755827335415,"endHours":23.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.137755827335415,"endHours":24.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.137755827335415,"endHours":25.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.137755827335415,"endHours":26.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.137755827335415,"endHours":27.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.137755827335415,"endHours":28.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.137755827335415,"endHours":29.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":29.137755827335415,"endHours":30.137755827335415,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.830633364486856,"eotMinutes":2.918007328966811,"ayanamsa":23.5084}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2032,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vibhava","saka_samvat":1897,"saka_samvatsara":"Rākṣasa","bengali_samvat":1382,"malayalam_era":1151,"nanakshahi_year":506,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2032 Vibhava · Śaka 1897 Rākṣasa"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 1, 1975 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 1, 1975 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:08, sūryāsta 18:52.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-05-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T22:44:25.496Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-18T22:44:25.496Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-18T22:44:25.496Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}