{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1975-04-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1975-04-01","date_display":"April 1, 1975 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1975,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442503.770833,"kali_year":5076,"ahargana":1854038.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.4114,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":226.5697,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.1583,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.1583},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":226.5697,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2364},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":213.9811},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1975,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442503.770833,"ahargana":1854038.2708,"kali_year":5076,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5072,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.186152,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.155752,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.1913},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":298.634852,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":330.672552,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":339.822052,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":21.48945200000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":78.84365200000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":224.1302,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":44.1302,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1975,"month":4,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2442503.770833,"kali_year":5076,"ahargana":1854038.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":347.4114,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":226.5697,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":239.1583,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.1583},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":226.5697,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.2364},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":213.9811},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.191,"elongation":120.842},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.191,"opposition_distance":59.158}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:29","sunsetLocal":"18:46","solarNoonLocal":"12:37","dayLengthHours":12.286002503088053,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 17 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 42 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:07","moonsetLocal":"10:16","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.69435222745787,"endHours":17.23010254034388,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:33","end":"11:05","startHours":9.551350975913845,"endHours":11.08710128879985,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:37","end":"14:10","startHours":12.62285160168586,"endHours":14.158601914571864,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:21","end":"09:45","startHours":9.346584267529044,"endHours":9.756117684298646,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:00","end":"07:19","startHours":6.991767121103834,"endHours":7.319393854519515,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:02","startHours":12.213318184916256,"endHours":13.032385018455459,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:40","startHours":4.841716683063424,"endHours":5.660783516602629,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:27","end":"06:29","startHours":5.456016808217828,"endHours":6.479850350141832,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:40","end":"15:29","startHours":14.670518685533867,"endHours":15.48958551907307,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:34","end":"18:58","startHours":18.565852853229885,"endHours":18.965852853229883,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:46","end":"19:17","startHours":18.765852853229884,"endHours":19.277769624191887,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:31","end":"20:16","startHours":18.515852853229884,"endHours":20.265852853229884,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:02","startHours":24.213318184916258,"endHours":25.03238501845546,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:29","end":"08:01","startHours":6.479850350141832,"endHours":8.015600663027838,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:01","end":"09:33","startHours":8.015600663027838,"endHours":9.551350975913845,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:33","end":"11:05","startHours":9.551350975913845,"endHours":11.08710128879985,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:05","end":"12:37","startHours":11.08710128879985,"endHours":12.62285160168586,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"12:37","end":"14:10","startHours":12.62285160168586,"endHours":14.158601914571864,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:10","end":"15:42","startHours":14.158601914571864,"endHours":15.69435222745787,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:42","end":"17:14","startHours":15.69435222745787,"endHours":17.23010254034388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"17:14","end":"18:46","startHours":17.23010254034388,"endHours":18.765852853229884,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:46","end":"20:14","startHours":18.765852853229884,"endHours":20.23010254034388,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:14","end":"21:42","startHours":20.23010254034388,"endHours":21.69435222745787,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:42","end":"23:10","startHours":21.69435222745787,"endHours":23.158601914571864,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:10","end":"00:37","startHours":23.158601914571864,"endHours":24.62285160168586,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"00:37","end":"02:05","startHours":24.62285160168586,"endHours":26.08710128879985,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:05","end":"03:33","startHours":26.08710128879985,"endHours":27.551350975913845,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:33","end":"05:01","startHours":27.551350975913845,"endHours":29.01560066302784,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:01","end":"06:29","startHours":29.01560066302784,"endHours":30.47985035014183,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:29","end":"07:29","startHours":6.479850350141832,"endHours":7.479850350141832,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:29","end":"08:29","startHours":7.479850350141832,"endHours":8.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:29","end":"09:29","startHours":8.479850350141831,"endHours":9.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:29","end":"10:29","startHours":9.479850350141831,"endHours":10.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:29","end":"11:29","startHours":10.479850350141831,"endHours":11.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:29","end":"12:29","startHours":11.479850350141831,"endHours":12.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:29","end":"13:29","startHours":12.479850350141831,"endHours":13.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:29","end":"14:29","startHours":13.479850350141831,"endHours":14.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:29","end":"15:29","startHours":14.479850350141831,"endHours":15.479850350141831,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:29","end":"16:29","startHours":15.479850350141831,"endHours":16.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:29","end":"17:29","startHours":16.47985035014183,"endHours":17.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:29","end":"18:29","startHours":17.47985035014183,"endHours":18.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:29","end":"19:29","startHours":18.47985035014183,"endHours":19.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:29","end":"20:29","startHours":19.47985035014183,"endHours":20.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:29","end":"21:29","startHours":20.47985035014183,"endHours":21.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:29","end":"22:29","startHours":21.47985035014183,"endHours":22.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:29","end":"23:29","startHours":22.47985035014183,"endHours":23.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:29","end":"00:29","startHours":23.47985035014183,"endHours":24.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:29","end":"01:29","startHours":24.47985035014183,"endHours":25.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:29","end":"02:29","startHours":25.47985035014183,"endHours":26.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:29","end":"03:29","startHours":26.47985035014183,"endHours":27.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:29","end":"04:29","startHours":27.47985035014183,"endHours":28.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:29","end":"05:29","startHours":28.47985035014183,"endHours":29.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:29","end":"06:29","startHours":29.47985035014183,"endHours":30.47985035014183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":4.232293118984434,"eotMinutes":-4.344296101151456,"ayanamsa":23.5072}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2032,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vibhava","saka_samvat":1897,"saka_samvatsara":"Rākṣasa","bengali_samvat":1382,"malayalam_era":1151,"nanakshahi_year":506,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2032 Vibhava · Śaka 1897 Rākṣasa"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 1, 1975 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 1, 1975 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:29, sūryāsta 18:46.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1975-04-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T22:12:37.172Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T22:12:37.172Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T22:12:37.172Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}