{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1973-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1973-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1973 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441702.770833,"kali_year":5074,"ahargana":1853237.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.3594,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":112.6008,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":196.2415,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2415},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":112.6008,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.9341},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":28.9602},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1973,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441702.770833,"ahargana":1853237.2708,"kali_year":5074,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4766,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.364556,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":111.69795599999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.9731},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":230.81705599999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":271.047556,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":269.313456,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":257.22485600000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":51.00485600000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":266.571,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":86.571,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1973,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441702.770833,"kali_year":5074,"ahargana":1853237.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.3594,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":112.6008,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":196.2415,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2415},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":112.6008,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.9341},"yoga":{"number":3,"name":"Āyuṣmān","sum_longitude":28.9602},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.973,"elongation":163.759},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.973,"opposition_distance":16.241}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"07:06","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"12:44","dayLengthHours":11.279774322208723,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 16 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 43 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:23","moonsetLocal":"08:08","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:55","end":"11:19","startHours":9.913241475068308,"endHours":11.3232132653444,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:09","end":"15:33","startHours":14.14315684589658,"endHours":15.55312863617267,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.093297894516128,"endHours":8.503269684792219,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:44","end":"10:06","startHours":9.72524523636483,"endHours":10.101237713771788,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:34","end":"07:52","startHours":7.563288491274824,"endHours":7.864082473200391,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:21","end":"13:07","startHours":12.357192578213532,"endHours":13.109177533027445,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:35","end":"06:20","startHours":5.589327984888298,"endHours":6.341312939702212,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"06:09","end":"07:06","startHours":6.153316700998734,"endHours":7.093297894516128,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:37","end":"15:22","startHours":14.613147442655276,"endHours":15.365132397469191,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.17307221672485,"endHours":18.57307221672485,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:51","startHours":18.37307221672485,"endHours":18.84306281348355,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.12307221672485,"endHours":19.87307221672485,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:21","end":"01:07","startHours":24.35719257821353,"endHours":25.109177533027445,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:06","end":"08:30","startHours":7.093297894516128,"endHours":8.503269684792219,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:30","end":"09:55","startHours":8.503269684792219,"endHours":9.913241475068308,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:55","end":"11:19","startHours":9.913241475068308,"endHours":11.3232132653444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:19","end":"12:44","startHours":11.3232132653444,"endHours":12.733185055620488,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:44","end":"14:09","startHours":12.733185055620488,"endHours":14.14315684589658,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:09","end":"15:33","startHours":14.14315684589658,"endHours":15.55312863617267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:33","end":"16:58","startHours":15.55312863617267,"endHours":16.96310042644876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:22","startHours":16.96310042644876,"endHours":18.37307221672485,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"18:22","end":"19:58","startHours":18.37307221672485,"endHours":19.96310042644876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:58","end":"21:33","startHours":19.96310042644876,"endHours":21.55312863617267,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:33","end":"23:09","startHours":21.55312863617267,"endHours":23.143156845896577,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:09","end":"00:44","startHours":23.143156845896577,"endHours":24.73318505562049,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:44","end":"02:19","startHours":24.73318505562049,"endHours":26.3232132653444,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:19","end":"03:55","startHours":26.3232132653444,"endHours":27.913241475068308,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:55","end":"05:30","startHours":27.913241475068308,"endHours":29.503269684792215,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"05:30","end":"07:06","startHours":29.503269684792215,"endHours":31.093297894516127,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.093297894516128,"endHours":8.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.093297894516127,"endHours":9.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.093297894516127,"endHours":10.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.093297894516127,"endHours":11.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.093297894516127,"endHours":12.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.093297894516127,"endHours":13.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.093297894516127,"endHours":14.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.093297894516127,"endHours":15.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.093297894516127,"endHours":16.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.093297894516127,"endHours":17.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.093297894516127,"endHours":18.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.093297894516127,"endHours":19.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.093297894516127,"endHours":20.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.093297894516127,"endHours":21.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.093297894516127,"endHours":22.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.093297894516127,"endHours":23.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.093297894516127,"endHours":24.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.093297894516127,"endHours":25.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.093297894516127,"endHours":26.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.093297894516127,"endHours":27.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.093297894516127,"endHours":28.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.093297894516127,"endHours":29.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":29.093297894516127,"endHours":30.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":30.093297894516127,"endHours":31.093297894516127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Saumya","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.18157709825352,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":23.4766}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2030,"vikram_samvatsara":"Akṣaya","saka_samvat":1895,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramādī","bengali_samvat":1380,"malayalam_era":1149,"nanakshahi_year":504,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2030 Akṣaya · Śaka 1895 Pramādī"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1973 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1973 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 07:06, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1973-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T05:10:38.295Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T05:10:38.295Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T05:10:38.295Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}