{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1971-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1971-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 1971 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441010.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852545.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.5587,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.2845,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":34.7258,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7258},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.2845,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6178},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":305.8432},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1971,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441010.770833,"ahargana":1852545.2708,"kali_year":5072,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.4501,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.341995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":352.606395,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.2921},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":239.350995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":309.9937950000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":222.92139499999996,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":272.233195,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":24.213594999999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":303.2365,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":123.2365,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1971,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2441010.770833,"kali_year":5072,"ahargana":1852545.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.5587,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":350.2845,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":34.7258,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.7258},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":350.2845,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6178},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":305.8432},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.292,"elongation":34.726},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.292,"opposition_distance":145.274}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-18,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.69,"opposition_distance":1.965}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:53","sunsetLocal":"18:40","solarNoonLocal":"12:46","dayLengthHours":11.7838070720403,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 47 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 12 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:05","moonsetLocal":"21:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"17:11","end":"18:40","startHours":17.189758632448903,"endHours":18.66273451645394,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"12:46","end":"14:15","startHours":12.770830980433793,"endHours":14.243806864438831,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:43","end":"17:11","startHours":15.716782748443865,"endHours":17.189758632448903,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:38","end":"10:01","startHours":9.628482427889711,"endHours":10.021275996957723,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"07:22","end":"07:41","startHours":7.369919405748655,"endHours":7.684154261003062,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:23","end":"13:10","startHours":12.378037411365781,"endHours":13.163624549501801,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"05:18","end":"06:06","startHours":5.307753168141602,"endHours":6.0933403062776215,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:54","end":"06:53","startHours":5.896943521743617,"endHours":6.878927444413642,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:44","end":"15:31","startHours":14.734798825773842,"endHours":15.520385963909861,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:28","end":"18:52","startHours":18.462734516453942,"endHours":18.86273451645394,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:40","end":"19:09","startHours":18.66273451645394,"endHours":19.153726477788954,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"20:10","startHours":18.41273451645394,"endHours":20.16273451645394,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:23","end":"01:10","startHours":24.37803741136578,"endHours":25.163624549501804,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:53","end":"08:21","startHours":6.878927444413642,"endHours":8.351903328418679,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:21","end":"09:49","startHours":8.351903328418679,"endHours":9.824879212423717,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:49","end":"11:18","startHours":9.824879212423717,"endHours":11.297855096428755,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:18","end":"12:46","startHours":11.297855096428755,"endHours":12.770830980433793,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:46","end":"14:15","startHours":12.770830980433793,"endHours":14.243806864438831,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:15","end":"15:43","startHours":14.243806864438831,"endHours":15.716782748443865,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:43","end":"17:11","startHours":15.716782748443865,"endHours":17.189758632448903,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"17:11","end":"18:40","startHours":17.189758632448903,"endHours":18.66273451645394,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:40","end":"20:11","startHours":18.66273451645394,"endHours":20.189758632448903,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:11","end":"21:43","startHours":20.189758632448903,"endHours":21.716782748443865,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:43","end":"23:15","startHours":21.716782748443865,"endHours":23.24380686443883,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:15","end":"00:46","startHours":23.24380686443883,"endHours":24.770830980433793,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:46","end":"02:18","startHours":24.770830980433793,"endHours":26.297855096428755,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:18","end":"03:49","startHours":26.297855096428755,"endHours":27.824879212423717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:49","end":"05:21","startHours":27.824879212423717,"endHours":29.35190332841868,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:21","end":"06:53","startHours":29.35190332841868,"endHours":30.87892744441364,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:53","end":"07:53","startHours":6.878927444413642,"endHours":7.878927444413642,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:53","end":"08:53","startHours":7.878927444413642,"endHours":8.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:53","end":"09:53","startHours":8.878927444413641,"endHours":9.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:53","end":"10:53","startHours":9.878927444413641,"endHours":10.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:53","end":"11:53","startHours":10.878927444413641,"endHours":11.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:53","end":"12:53","startHours":11.878927444413641,"endHours":12.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:53","end":"13:53","startHours":12.878927444413641,"endHours":13.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:53","end":"14:53","startHours":13.878927444413641,"endHours":14.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:53","end":"15:53","startHours":14.878927444413641,"endHours":15.878927444413641,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:53","end":"16:53","startHours":15.878927444413641,"endHours":16.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:53","end":"17:53","startHours":16.87892744441364,"endHours":17.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:53","end":"18:53","startHours":17.87892744441364,"endHours":18.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:53","end":"19:53","startHours":18.87892744441364,"endHours":19.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:53","end":"20:53","startHours":19.87892744441364,"endHours":20.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:53","end":"21:53","startHours":20.87892744441364,"endHours":21.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:53","end":"22:53","startHours":21.87892744441364,"endHours":22.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:53","end":"23:53","startHours":22.87892744441364,"endHours":23.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:53","end":"00:53","startHours":23.87892744441364,"endHours":24.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:53","end":"01:53","startHours":24.87892744441364,"endHours":25.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:53","end":"02:53","startHours":25.87892744441364,"endHours":26.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:53","end":"03:53","startHours":26.87892744441364,"endHours":27.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:53","end":"04:53","startHours":27.87892744441364,"endHours":28.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:53","end":"05:53","startHours":28.87892744441364,"endHours":29.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:53","end":"06:53","startHours":29.87892744441364,"endHours":30.87892744441364,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.272485153025974,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":23.4501}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2028,"vikram_samvatsara":"Raktākṣī","saka_samvat":1893,"saka_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","bengali_samvat":1378,"malayalam_era":1147,"nanakshahi_year":502,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2028 Raktākṣī · Śaka 1893 Virodhakṛt"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 1971 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 1971 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:53, sūryāsta 18:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1971-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:23:53.394Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:23:53.394Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:23:53.394Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}