{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1965-07-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1965-07-31","date_display":"July 31, 1965 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1965,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438972.770833,"kali_year":5067,"ahargana":1850507.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.8095,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.186,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":34.3764,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3764},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.186,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8526},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":241.9955},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1965,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438972.770833,"ahargana":1850507.2708,"kali_year":5067,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.3722,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.25876199999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":140.37166200000001,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4937},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":174.61646199999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":127.15416199999999,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":59.586562000000015,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":133.67686200000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":323.687362,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":51.2195,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":231.2195,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1965,"month":7,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2438972.770833,"kali_year":5067,"ahargana":1850507.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.8095,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":138.186,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":3,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":34.3764,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3764},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":138.186,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8526},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":241.9955},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":5,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.494,"elongation":34.376},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.494,"opposition_distance":145.624}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:13","sunsetLocal":"19:06","solarNoonLocal":"12:39","dayLengthHours":12.885050255378836,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 53 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 06 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"08:53","moonsetLocal":"21:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.430373678027804,"endHours":11.041004959950158,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262267523794868,"endHours":15.872898805717222,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.209111114183095,"endHours":7.8197423961054495,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:13","end":"09:39","startHours":9.215622840438158,"endHours":9.645124515617452,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:05","startHours":6.745988208157213,"endHours":7.089589548300649,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"12:13","end":"13:05","startHours":12.222134566693219,"endHours":13.081137917051807,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:29","end":"05:21","startHours":4.491104413465917,"endHours":5.350107763824506,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:08","end":"06:13","startHours":5.135356926234858,"endHours":6.209111114183095,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:48","end":"15:39","startHours":14.799144617768986,"endHours":15.658147968127576,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:54","end":"19:18","startHours":18.89416136956193,"endHours":19.29416136956193,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"19:06","end":"19:38","startHours":19.09416136956193,"endHours":19.63103846353605,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:51","end":"20:36","startHours":18.84416136956193,"endHours":20.59416136956193,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"00:13","end":"01:05","startHours":24.222134566693217,"endHours":25.08113791705181,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:13","end":"07:49","startHours":6.209111114183095,"endHours":7.8197423961054495,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:49","end":"09:26","startHours":7.8197423961054495,"endHours":9.430373678027804,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:26","end":"11:02","startHours":9.430373678027804,"endHours":11.041004959950158,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:02","end":"12:39","startHours":11.041004959950158,"endHours":12.651636241872513,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:39","end":"14:16","startHours":12.651636241872513,"endHours":14.262267523794868,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:16","end":"15:52","startHours":14.262267523794868,"endHours":15.872898805717222,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:52","end":"17:29","startHours":15.872898805717222,"endHours":17.483530087639576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:29","end":"19:06","startHours":17.483530087639576,"endHours":19.09416136956193,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"19:06","end":"20:29","startHours":19.09416136956193,"endHours":20.483530087639576,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:29","end":"21:52","startHours":20.483530087639576,"endHours":21.87289880571722,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:52","end":"23:16","startHours":21.87289880571722,"endHours":23.26226752379487,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:16","end":"00:39","startHours":23.26226752379487,"endHours":24.651636241872513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:39","end":"02:02","startHours":24.651636241872513,"endHours":26.041004959950158,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:02","end":"03:26","startHours":26.041004959950158,"endHours":27.430373678027806,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:26","end":"04:49","startHours":27.430373678027806,"endHours":28.81974239610545,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:49","end":"06:13","startHours":28.81974239610545,"endHours":30.209111114183095,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:13","end":"07:13","startHours":6.209111114183095,"endHours":7.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:13","end":"08:13","startHours":7.209111114183095,"endHours":8.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:13","end":"09:13","startHours":8.209111114183095,"endHours":9.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:13","end":"10:13","startHours":9.209111114183095,"endHours":10.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:13","end":"11:13","startHours":10.209111114183095,"endHours":11.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:13","end":"12:13","startHours":11.209111114183095,"endHours":12.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:13","end":"13:13","startHours":12.209111114183095,"endHours":13.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:13","end":"14:13","startHours":13.209111114183095,"endHours":14.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:13","end":"15:13","startHours":14.209111114183095,"endHours":15.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:13","end":"16:13","startHours":15.209111114183095,"endHours":16.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:13","end":"17:13","startHours":16.209111114183095,"endHours":17.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:13","end":"18:13","startHours":17.209111114183095,"endHours":18.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:13","end":"19:13","startHours":18.209111114183095,"endHours":19.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:13","end":"20:13","startHours":19.209111114183095,"endHours":20.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:13","end":"21:13","startHours":20.209111114183095,"endHours":21.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:13","end":"22:13","startHours":21.209111114183095,"endHours":22.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:13","end":"23:13","startHours":22.209111114183095,"endHours":23.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:13","end":"00:13","startHours":23.209111114183095,"endHours":24.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:13","end":"01:13","startHours":24.209111114183095,"endHours":25.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:13","end":"02:13","startHours":25.209111114183095,"endHours":26.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:13","end":"03:13","startHours":26.209111114183095,"endHours":27.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:13","end":"04:13","startHours":27.209111114183095,"endHours":28.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:13","end":"05:13","startHours":28.209111114183095,"endHours":29.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:13","end":"06:13","startHours":29.209111114183095,"endHours":30.209111114183095,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.360096924300304,"eotMinutes":-6.071374512350812,"ayanamsa":23.3722}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2022,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1887,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1372,"malayalam_era":1141,"nanakshahi_year":496,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2022 Kālayukta · Śaka 1887 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 31, 1965 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 31, 1965 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Śukla Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:13, sūryāsta 19:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1965-07-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:38:37.950Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:38:37.950Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:38:37.950Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}