{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:kolhapur:1961-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1961-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 1961 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1961,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437570.770833,"kali_year":5063,"ahargana":1849105.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.7078,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.7034,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.9956,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9956},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.7034,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0367},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.4112},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1961,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437570.770833,"ahargana":1849105.2708,"kali_year":5063,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.3185,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.359829,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.03332899999998,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4583},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":184.67012899999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":187.86622899999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":274.73012900000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":132.596629,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":270.55872899999997,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.5042,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.5042,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1961,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2437570.770833,"kali_year":5063,"ahargana":1849105.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.7078,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":27.7034,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":19,"name":"Caturthī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Caturthī","elongation_degrees":226.9956,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9956},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":27.7034,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.0367},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":188.4112},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":37,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.458,"elongation":133.004},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.458,"opposition_distance":46.996}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-18,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.274,"elongation":0.234}]},"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"kolhapur","name":"Kolhāpur, Maharashtra","lat":16.705,"lon":74.2433,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"Maharashtra","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:22","sunsetLocal":"18:24","solarNoonLocal":"12:23","dayLengthHours":12.041605124499306,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 30 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 30 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:08","moonsetLocal":"09:59","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.885967482098792,"endHours":15.391168122661206,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.359964279286726,"endHours":7.865164919849139,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.370365560411553,"endHours":10.875566200973966,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"09:10","end":"09:34","startHours":9.169672141669897,"endHours":9.571058979153207,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:52","end":"07:11","startHours":6.861697826140864,"endHours":7.182807296127512,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:59","end":"12:47","startHours":11.979380004053068,"endHours":12.782153679019688,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:33","startHours":4.754416929353486,"endHours":5.557190604320105,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:22","startHours":5.3564971855784504,"endHours":6.359964279286726,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"14:23","end":"15:11","startHours":14.387701028952929,"endHours":15.190474703919548,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:12","end":"18:36","startHours":18.20156940378603,"endHours":18.60156940378603,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:24","end":"18:54","startHours":18.40156940378603,"endHours":18.903302950640168,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:09","end":"19:54","startHours":18.15156940378603,"endHours":19.90156940378603,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:59","end":"00:47","startHours":23.979380004053066,"endHours":24.78215367901969,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:22","end":"07:52","startHours":6.359964279286726,"endHours":7.865164919849139,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:52","end":"09:22","startHours":7.865164919849139,"endHours":9.370365560411553,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:22","end":"10:53","startHours":9.370365560411553,"endHours":10.875566200973966,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:53","end":"12:23","startHours":10.875566200973966,"endHours":12.380766841536378,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"12:23","end":"13:53","startHours":12.380766841536378,"endHours":13.885967482098792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:53","end":"15:23","startHours":13.885967482098792,"endHours":15.391168122661206,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:23","end":"16:54","startHours":15.391168122661206,"endHours":16.896368763223617,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:54","end":"18:24","startHours":16.896368763223617,"endHours":18.40156940378603,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:24","end":"19:54","startHours":18.40156940378603,"endHours":19.896368763223617,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:54","end":"21:23","startHours":19.896368763223617,"endHours":21.391168122661206,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:23","end":"22:53","startHours":21.391168122661206,"endHours":22.885967482098792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:53","end":"00:23","startHours":22.885967482098792,"endHours":24.380766841536378,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"00:23","end":"01:53","startHours":24.380766841536378,"endHours":25.875566200973964,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:53","end":"03:22","startHours":25.875566200973964,"endHours":27.37036556041155,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:22","end":"04:52","startHours":27.37036556041155,"endHours":28.86516491984914,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:52","end":"06:22","startHours":28.86516491984914,"endHours":30.359964279286725,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:22","end":"07:22","startHours":6.359964279286726,"endHours":7.359964279286726,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:22","end":"08:22","startHours":7.359964279286726,"endHours":8.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:22","end":"09:22","startHours":8.359964279286725,"endHours":9.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:22","end":"10:22","startHours":9.359964279286725,"endHours":10.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:22","end":"11:22","startHours":10.359964279286725,"endHours":11.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:22","end":"12:22","startHours":11.359964279286725,"endHours":12.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:22","end":"13:22","startHours":12.359964279286725,"endHours":13.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:22","end":"14:22","startHours":13.359964279286725,"endHours":14.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:22","end":"15:22","startHours":14.359964279286725,"endHours":15.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:22","end":"16:22","startHours":15.359964279286725,"endHours":16.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:22","end":"17:22","startHours":16.359964279286725,"endHours":17.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:22","end":"18:22","startHours":17.359964279286725,"endHours":18.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:22","end":"19:22","startHours":18.359964279286725,"endHours":19.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:22","end":"20:22","startHours":19.359964279286725,"endHours":20.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:22","end":"21:22","startHours":20.359964279286725,"endHours":21.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:22","end":"22:22","startHours":21.359964279286725,"endHours":22.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:22","end":"23:22","startHours":22.359964279286725,"endHours":23.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:22","end":"00:22","startHours":23.359964279286725,"endHours":24.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:22","end":"01:22","startHours":24.359964279286725,"endHours":25.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:22","end":"02:22","startHours":25.359964279286725,"endHours":26.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:22","end":"03:22","startHours":26.359964279286725,"endHours":27.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:22","end":"04:22","startHours":27.359964279286725,"endHours":28.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:22","end":"05:22","startHours":28.359964279286725,"endHours":29.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:22","end":"06:22","startHours":29.359964279286725,"endHours":30.359964279286725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.8589825369932753,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.3185}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2018,"vikram_samvatsara":"Ānanda","saka_samvat":1883,"saka_samvatsara":"Plava","bengali_samvat":1368,"malayalam_era":1137,"nanakshahi_year":492,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Kṛṣṇa Caturthī · Vikram 2018 Ānanda · Śaka 1883 Plava"},"festivals":[{"id":"sankashti-chaturthi","name":"Saṅkaṣṭī Caturthī","name_sanskrit":"सङ्कष्टी चतुर्थी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Gaṇeśa","significance":"Monthly Gaṇeśa vrata.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":19,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa"},"precedence":6}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"kolhapur"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 1961 CE · Kolhāpur, Maharashtra · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 1961 CE for Kolhāpur, Maharashtra: Kṛṣṇa Caturthī, sūryodaya 06:22, sūryāsta 18:24.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/kolhapur/1961-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T21:31:44.875Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T21:31:44.875Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T21:31:44.875Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}